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Revision Total Shoulder Arthroplasty is Associated with Increased Thirty-Day Postoperative Complications and Wound Infections Relative to Primary Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

  • Original Article
  • Published:
HSS Journal ®

Abstract

Background

With an increasing volume of primary total shoulder arthroplasties (TSA), the number of revision TSA cases is expected to increase as well. However, the postoperative medical morbidity of revision TSA has not been clearly described.

Questions/Purposes

The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of postoperative complications following revision TSA, relative to primary TSA. In addition, we sought to identify independent predictors of complications, as well as to compare operative time and postoperative length of stay between primary and revision TSA.

Methods

Patients who underwent primary/revision TSA between 2005 and 2015 were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Differences in complications, readmission rates, operative time, length of stay, and predictors of complications were evaluated using bivariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

A total of 10,371 primary TSA (95.4%) and 496 revision TSA cases (4.6%) were identified. The overall complication rate was 6.5% in primary and 10.7% in revision TSA patients (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified an increased risk of any complication (odds ratio 1.73, p < 0.001), major complication (2.08, p = 0.001), and wound infection (3.45, p = 0.001) in revision TSA patients, relative to primary cases. Operative time was increased in revision cases (mean ± standard deviation, 125 ± 62.5), relative to primary (115 ± 47.7, p < 0.001). Age > 75, female sex, history of diabetes or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and American Society of Anesthesiologists classification ≥ 3 were associated with increased risk of any complication. Smoking history was the only significant predictor of wound infection.

Conclusion

Revision TSA, in comparison to primary, poses an increased risk of postoperative complications, particularly wound infections. A history of smoking was an independent predictor of wound infections.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sports and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th street, New York, NY, 10021, USA

    Venkat Boddapati BA, Michael C. Fu MD, MHS, William W. Schairer MD, Lawrence V. Gulotta MD, Lawrence V. Gulotta MD, David M. Dines MD, David M. Dines MD & Joshua S. Dines MD

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  1. Venkat Boddapati BA
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  2. Michael C. Fu MD, MHS
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  3. William W. Schairer MD
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Correspondence to Venkat Boddapati BA.

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Conflict of Interest

Venkat Boddapati, BA; Michael C. Fu, MD, MHS; and William W. Schairer, MD have declared that they have no conflict of interest. David M. Dines, MD, reports personal fees from Biomet for consulting and royalties for a patent with Biomet, outside the work. Joshua S. Dines, MD, reports personal fees from Arthrex and Livantec for consulting, outside the work. Lawrence V. Gulotta, MD, reports personal fees from Biomet for consulting, outside the work.

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All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008 (5).

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Level of Evidence: Retrospective Cohort Study, level of evidence 3

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Boddapati, V., Fu, M.C., Schairer, W.W. et al. Revision Total Shoulder Arthroplasty is Associated with Increased Thirty-Day Postoperative Complications and Wound Infections Relative to Primary Total Shoulder Arthroplasty. HSS Jrnl 14, 23–28 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11420-017-9573-5

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