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Allergic rhinitis as a predictor of moderate-to-severe paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea

  • Sleep Breathing Physiology and Disorders • Original Article
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Abstract

Purpose

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common sleep-related breathing disorder affecting children. This study aims to characterize factors associated with the development and progression of severe forms of paediatric OSA.

Methods

This study included children admitted to Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, a tertiary children’s hospital in southwest China between January 2020 and December 2020 with a discharge diagnosis of OSA. Each patient underwent polysomnography examination, following assessments of apnoea-hypopnea index (AHI) and lowest oxygen saturation (LSaO2) by standardized techniques. Demographic and clinical information was collected from the hospital’s electronic medical records. Associations between OSA severity and various factors were first examined in a univariate logistic model, with subsequent multivariate analysis to further identify independent risk factors.

Results

A total of 263 children were identified during the study period. Among patients presenting with OSA, 51.3% had mild and 48.7% had moderate to severe symptoms according to standardized guidelines. The incidence of mild and moderate to severe hypoxemia in our population was 39.2% and 60.8%, respectively. Allergic rhinitis (AR; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.75, 95% CI 1.03–2.96) and male gender (aOR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.03–3.06) were significantly associated with moderate-to-severe OSA (all P-values < 0.05) after adjustment for covariates. AR was also the only significant predictor of hypoxemia (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Our results suggest that male gender and presence of AR may be associated with an increased likelihood of moderate-to-severe OSA in children. These findings underscore the importance of timely intervention and individualized management for at-risk individuals.

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Data availability

The original data presented in the study are included in the article; further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.

Abbreviations

AHI:

Apnoea-hypopnea index

A/N:

Adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio

aOR:

Adjusted odds ratio

AR:

Allergic rhinitis

ASA:

American Society of Anesthesiologists

CHAT:

The Childhood Adenotonsillectomy study

CysLT:

Cysteinyl leukotrienes

ICD:

International Classification of Diseases

IgE:

Immunoglobulin E

LSaO2:

Lowest oxygen saturation

OSA:

Obstructive sleep apnoea

PSG:

Polysomnography

SD:

Standard deviation

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Funding

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82300031).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Bo Yang and Qiyuan Zou contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

    Bo Yang

  2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

    Qiyuan Zou, Fan Wang, Ying Pang & Ping Wei

  3. School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China

    Yuhan Xing

  4. Qingdao Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China

    Yuhan Xing

  5. Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

    Yuhan Xing

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Contributions

YX conceptualized and designed the study. BY, QZ, and YX contributed to statistical analysis and interpretation and drafted the initial version of the manuscript. FW, PW, and YP were involved in study management and data collection. All authors provided substantial input into the revision of the manuscript and approved the final version of the submitted work.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yuhan Xing.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and informed consent

This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Review Board of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (No. 20220930–22). Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study. All analyses in this study used anonymous clinical data.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Yang, B., Zou, Q., Wang, F. et al. Allergic rhinitis as a predictor of moderate-to-severe paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea. Sleep Breath (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-024-03011-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-024-03011-6

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