Abstract
The purpose of this report is to provide information about the different presentations of cardiac and extra-cardiac histophilosis and, to assess the antimicrobial (ATM) susceptibility of Histophilus somni isolated from these cardiac lesions to different ATM agents commonly used for treating bovine bacterial respiratory pathogens. Eight feedlot calves, which died after suffering from food rejection, apathy, hyperthermia, cough and nasal mucous discharge, and lack of response to ATM therapy, were studied. Cardiac lesions observed at necropsy included valvular/mural endocarditis, myocardial infarction, and necrotizing myocarditis, miliar non-suppurative myocarditis, myocardic necrotic sequestrum, and/or pericarditis. Histopathological, bacteriological and molecular studies confirmed the presence of a fastidious microorganism in the affected organs. H. somni showed no resistance to most ATM tested (ceftiofur, gamithromycin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, tilmicosin). The results obtained in this study confirmed that H. somni was the main cause of the subacute cardiac lesions associated with hyperthermia, apathy and respiratory signs observed in cattle examined in this research. These presentations must be considered by veterinary practitioners in order to establish a rational therapeutic.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Authors can confirm that all relevant data are included in the article.
References
Agwuh KN, MacGowan A (2006) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the tetracyclines including glycylcyclines. J Antimicrob Chemother 58(2):256–265. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkl224
Blakebrough-Hall C, McMeniman JP, González LA (2020) An evaluation of the economic effects of bovine respiratory disease on animal performance, carcass traits, and economic outcomes in feedlot cattle defined using four BRD diagnosis methods. J Anim Sci 98(2):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa005
Blakebrough-Hall C, Hick P, Mahony TJ, González LA (2022) Factors associated with bovine respiratory disease case fatality in feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci 100(1):skab361. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab361
Buczinski S, Tsuka T, Tharwat M (2012) The diagnostic criteria used in bovine bacterial endocarditis: a meta-analysis of 460 published cases from 1973 to 2011. Vet J 93(2):349–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.02.012
Campero CM, Moreira AR, Daguerre S, Bartolome J, Odriozola E (1993) Aborto bovino asociado a Haemophilus somnus (Bovine abortion associated with Haemophilus somnus). Vet Arg 10:404–409 (Spanish)
CLSI (2020) Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility test for bacteria isolated from animals. 5th Edition. CLSI guideline. Vet01S: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. http://clsivet.org/GetDoc.aspx?doc=CLSI%20VET01S%20ED5:2020&scope=user. Accessed 7 July 2022
Corbeil LB (2007) Histophilus somni host-parasite relationships. Anim Health Res Rev 8(2):151–160. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466252307001417
De Yaniz MG, Fiorentino MA, Paolicchi F, Sánchez Bruni S (2021) Prevalencia de agentes etiológicos involucrados en casos de neumonías bacterianas en feedlot (Prevalence of etiological agents involved in cases of bacterial pneumonias in feedlots). I Congreso de Microbiología Veterinaria. Fac. Ciencias Veterinarias, UNLP. BAC 028:234–236.
Descarga CO, Piscitelli HG, Zielinski GC, Cipolla AL (2002) Thromboembolic meningoencephalitis due to Haemophilus somnus in feedlot cattle in Argentina. Vet Rec 150(26):817. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.150.26.817
De Yaniz MG, Sánchez Bruni SF (2015) Aspectos fármaco-epidemiológicos de la enfermedad respiratoria bovina bacteriana en feedlots. Una problemática a resolver (Pharmaco-epidemiological aspects of bacterial bovine respiratory disease in feedlots: A problem to resolve). Rev Vet 26(2):160–167 (Spanish)
Gagea MI, Bateman KG, van Dreumel T et al (2006) Diseases and pathogens associated with mortality in Ontario beef feedlots. J Vet Diagn Invest 18(1):18–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/104063870601800104
Gogolewski RP, Leathers CW, Liggitt HD, Corbeil LB (1987) Experimental Haemophilus somnus pneumonia in calves and immunoperoxidase localization of bacteria. Vet Pathol 24(3):250–256. https://doi.org/10.1177/030098588702400309
Harris FW, Janzen ED (1989) The Haemophilus somnus disease complex (Hemophilosis): A review. Can Vet J 30(10):816–822
Hoffmann JA (1898) Vegetative endocarditis in cattle. The Bovine Practitioner 24:167–172. https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol0no24p167-172
Holt JG, Krieg NR, Sneath PHA, Staley JT, Williams ST (1994) Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th edn. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, USA, pp 786–788
Hoyle BD, Jass J, Costerton JW (1990) The biofilm glycocalyx as a resistance factor. J Antimicrob Chemother 26(1):1–5. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/26.1.1
Huang RA, Letendre LT, Banav N, Fischer J, Somerville B (2010) Pharmacokinetics of gamithromycin in cattle with comparison of plasma and lung tissue concentrations and plasma antibacterial activity [published correction appears in J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Dec;33(6):622]. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 33(3):227–237. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2009.01125.x
Margineda CA, O’Toole D, Prieto M, Uzal FA, Zielinski GC (2019) Histophilus somni myocarditis and leptomeningitis in feedlot cattle: case report and occurrence in South America. J Vet Diagn Invest 31(6):893–898. https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638719876302
Modric S, Webb AI, Derendorf H (1998) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tilmicosin in sheep and cattle. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 21(6):444–452. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2885.1998.00177.x
Moreira AR, Terzolo HR, Odriozola E, Salamanco AG, Casaro AP, Arnaude J (1987) Bronconeumonia bovina asociada a Haemophilus somnus (Bovine bronchopneumonia associated with Haemophilus somnus). Med Vet 68:36–38 (Spanish)
O’Toole D, Sondgeroth KS (2016) Histophilosis as a Natural Disease. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 396:15–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2015_5008
O’Toole D, Allen T, Hunter R, Corbeil LB (2009) Diagnostic exercise: Myocarditis due to Histophilus somni in feedlot and backgrounded cattle. Vet Pathol 46(5):1015–1017. https://doi.org/10.1354/vp.08-VP-0332-O-DEX
O’Toole D, Hunter R, Allen T et al (2017) Effect of Histophilus somni on Heart and Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Vet Pathol 54(4):629–639. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300985817691581
Peek SF, Buczinski S (2018) Cardiovascular Diseases. Rebhun's Diseases of Dairy Cattle. 46-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-39055-2.00003-6
Sandal I, Shao JQ, Annadata S et al (2009) Histophilus somni biofilm formation in cardiopulmonary tissue of the bovine host following respiratory challenge. Microbes Infect 11(2):254–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2008.11.011
Saunders VF, Reddacliff LA, Berg T, Hornitzky M (2007) Multiplex PCR for the detection of Brucella ovis, Actinobacillus seminis and Histophilus somni in ram semen [published correction appears in Aust Vet J. 2007 May;85(5):193]. Aust Vet J. 85(1–2):72–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2006.00098.x
Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. O´Toole (Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, Laramie, WY) for performing the ICH of the animals in this study. We thank Dr. Paula Viviani (Departamento de Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina) for their contributions to this study. We thank Jorgelina Lomonaco for assistance in the bacteriological culture.
Funding
This work was financially supported by the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET, PICT 2016 nº 608 ANPCyT) and INTA (2019-PD-E5-I105-001), from Argentina.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by María Guadalupe de Yaniz, María Andrea Fiorentino, Angel Ricardo Bence, Laureano Schofs, Fernando A. Paolicchi and Sergio Sanchez Bruni. Necropsies were performed by two of the authors, Vet Guadalupe de Yaniz and Vet. Angel Bence. The histopathological techniques were performed by Jorge García and Florencia Viviani. The first draft of the manuscript was written by María Guadalupe de Yaniz and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics approval
Animal procedures and management protocols were approved by the Ethics Committee according to the Animal Welfare Policy (act 08/2016) of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Tandil, Argentina. (http://www.vet.unicen.edu.ar).
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent to publish
Not applicable.
Competing Interests
The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
de Yaniz, M.G., Fiorentino, M.A., García, J.P. et al. Clinical-pathological findings induced by Histophilus somni isolated in subacute cardiac death in feedlot cattle. Vet Res Commun 47, 683–691 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-022-10028-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-022-10028-3