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Improving the Composition and Bioactivity of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Bean Shell Extract by Choline Chloride-Lactic Acid Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction Assisted by Pulsed Electric Field Pre-Treatment

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Abstract

An environmentally friendly method for the release of cocoa bean shell (CBS) extracts is proposed in this paper. This work aims to investigate the effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) pre-treatment on subsequent solid-liquid extraction (SLE) of metabolites with choline chloride-lactic acid natural deep eutectic solvent (NaDES) and bioactivity of cocoa bean shell (CBS) extract. Two different media for PEF application were evaluated: water and chlorine chloride-lactic acid. Total polyphenols (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC), individual major compounds, and antioxidant and antibacterial activity of CBS extracts were assessed. The performance of PEF-assisted extraction was compared with SLE and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The proposed method improved the release of TPC up to 45% and TFC up to 48% compared with the conventional extraction. The CBS extract showed medium growth inhibition of Escherichia coli and high growth inhibition of Salmonella sp, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, an extract with enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial properties was obtained.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the National Research and Development Agency (ANID) for the National Doctoral Degree Scholarship (21210096).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Food Engineering Department, University of Bío Bío, Chillán, Chile

    Elaine Benítez-Correa, José Miguel Bastías-Montes, Sergio Acuña Nelson, Tatiana Beldarraín Iznaga & Mario Pérez Wong

  2. Institute of Food Science and Technology, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia, Chile

    Ociel Muñoz-Fariña

  3. Food Industry Researches Institute, La Habana, Cuba

    Elaine Benítez-Correa

Authors
  1. Elaine Benítez-Correa
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  2. José Miguel Bastías-Montes
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  3. Sergio Acuña Nelson
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  6. Ociel Muñoz-Fariña
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Contributions

B.C, E Conceptualization, Investigation, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing - original draft, B.M, J.M Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project Administration, Resources, Writing - review & editing, Supervision. A. N, S Supervision, Writing - review & editing. B. I, T Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing - review & editing. P.W, M Resources. M.F, O Formal analysis, Methodology, Resources. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to José Miguel Bastías-Montes.

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Benítez-Correa, E., Bastías-Montes, J.M., Nelson, S.A. et al. Improving the Composition and Bioactivity of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Bean Shell Extract by Choline Chloride-Lactic Acid Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction Assisted by Pulsed Electric Field Pre-Treatment. Plant Foods Hum Nutr (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-024-01163-0

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