Abstract
We study the quantum coherence of Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger-like states of multi-mode Dirac fields in the background of a Schwarzschild black hole. We find that the evolutions of both \(l_1\)-norm of coherence and relative entropy of coherence are similar, though the two measures are not completely compatible. The accessible coherence always degrades monotonically by the Hawking effect, and the inaccessible coherence increases from zero monotonically or non-monotonically, depending on the ratio of the inaccessible to the accessible number of modes. Both the accessible and inaccessible coherences have the phenomenon of freeze. The monogamies for the \(l_1\)-norm of coherence between the accessible and inaccessible modes are established.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Leggett, A.J., Theor, Prog: Macroscopic quantum systems and the quantum theory of measurement. Phys. Suppl. 69, 80–100 (1980)
Schumacher, B., Westmoreland, M.D.: Quantum privacy and quantum coherence. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 5695–5697 (1998)
Barnes, S.E., Ballou, R., Barbara, B., Strelen, J.: Quantum coherence in small antiferromagnets. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 289–292 (1997)
Streltsov, A., Adesso, G., Plenio, M.B.: Colloquium: quantum coherence as a resource. Rev. Mod. Phys. 89(1–34), 041003 (2017)
Sharma, U.K., Chakrabarty, I., Shukla, M.K.: Broadcasting quantum coherence via cloning. Phys. Rev. A 96(1–9), 052319 (2017)
Peng, Y., Jiang, Y., Fan, H.: Maximally coherent states and coherence-preserving operations. Phys. Rev. A 93(1–6), 032326 (2016)
Brandão, F.G.S.L., Horodecki, M., Ng, N.H.Y., Oppenheim, J., Wehner, S.: The second laws of quantum thermodynamics. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 112, 3275–3279 (2015)
Horodecki, M., Oppenheim, J.: Fundamental limitations for quantum and nanoscale thermodynamics. Nat. Commun. 4(1–6), 2059 (2013)
Ćwikliński, P., Studziński, M., Horodecki, M., Oppenheim, J.: Limitations on the evolution of quantum coherences: towards fully quantum second laws of thermodynamics. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115(1–5), 210403 (2015)
Huelga, S.F., Plenio, M.B.: A vibrant environment. Nat. Phys. 10, 621–622 (2014)
Huelga, S.F., Plenio, M.B.: Vibrations, quanta and biology. Contemp. Phys. 54, 181–207 (2013)
Gärttner, M., Hauke, P., Rey, A.M.: Relating out-of-time-order correlations to entanglement via multiple-quantum coherences. Phys. Rev. Lett. 120(1–6), 040402 (2018)
Baumgratz, T., Cramer, M., Plenio, M.B.: Quantifying coherence. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113(1–4), 140401 (2014)
Streltsov, A., Singh, U., Dhar, H.S., Bera, M.N., Adesso, G.: Measuring quantum coherence with entanglement. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115(1–6), 020403 (2015)
Napoli, C., Bromley, T.R., Cianciaruso, M., Piani, M., Johnston, N., Adesso, G.: Robustness of coherence: an operational and observable measure of quantum coherence. Phys. Rev. Lett. 116(1–6), 150502 (2016)
Marvian, I., Spekken, R.W.: How to quantify coherence: distinguishing speakable and unspeakable notions. Phys. Rev. A 94(1–23), 052324 (2016)
Yu, C.S.: Quantum coherence via skew information and its polygamy. Phys. Rev. A 95(1–12), 042337 (2017)
de Vicente, J.I., Streltsov, A.: Genuine quantum coherence. J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 50(1–34), 045301 (2017)
Bu, K., Anand, N., Singh, U.: Asymmetry and coherence weight of quantum states. Phys. Rev. A 97(1–10), 032342 (2018)
Fuentes-Schuller, I., Mann, R.B.: Alice falls into a black hole: entanglement in noninertial frames. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(1–4), 120404 (2005)
Alsing, P.M., Fuentes-Schuller, I., Mann, R.B., Tessier, T.E.: Entanglement of Dirac fields in noninertial frames. Phys. Rev. A 74(1–15), 032326 (2006)
Aspachs, M., Adesso, G., Fuentes, I.: Optimal quantum estimation of the Unruh–Hawking effect. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(1–4), 151301 (2010)
Martín-Martínez, E., Fuentes, I.: Redistribution of particle and antiparticle entanglement in noninertial frames. Phys. Rev. A 83(1–9), 052306 (2011)
Tian, Z., Jing, J., Dragan, A.: Analog cosmological particle generation in a superconducting circuit. Phys. Rev. D 95(1–5), 125003 (2017)
Tian, Z., Chä, S.Y., Fischer, U.R.: Roton entanglement in quenched dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates. Phys. Rev. A 97(1–12), 063611 (2018)
Hawking, S.W.: Particle creation by black holes. Commun. Math. Phys. 43, 199–220 (1975)
Hawking, S.W.: Breakdown of predictability in gravitational collapse. Phys. Rev. D 14, 2460–2473 (1976)
Terashima, H.: Entanglement entropy of the black hole horizon. Phys. Rev. D 61(1–11), 104016 (2000)
Ahn, D., Moon, Y.H., Mann, R.B., Fuentes-Schuller, I.: The black hole final state for the Dirac fields in Schwarzschild spacetime. J. High Energy Phys. 06(1–9), 062 (2008)
Bombelli, L., Koul, R.K., Lee, J., Sorkin, R.D.: Quantum source of entropy for black holes. Phys. Rev. D 34, 373–383 (1986)
Wang, J., Jing, J.: Multipartite entanglement of fermionic systems in noninertial frames. Phys. Rev. A 83(1–5), 022314 (2011)
Xu, S., Song, X.K., Shi, J.D., Ye, L.: How the Hawking effect affects multipartite entanglement of Dirac particles in the background of a Schwarzschild black hole. Phys. Rev. D 89(1–7), 065022 (2014)
Hwang, M.R., Park, D., Jung, E.: Tripartite entanglement in a noninertial frame. Phys. Rev. A 83(1–8), 012111 (2011)
Dai, Y., Shen, Z., Shi, Y.: Quantum entanglement in three accelerating qubits coupled to scalar fields. Phys. Rev. D 94(1–17), 025012 (2016)
Qiang, W.C., Sun, G.H., Dong, Q., Dong, S.H.: Genuine multipartite concurrence for entanglement of Dirac fields in noninertial frames. Phys. Rev. A 98(1–7), 022320 (2018)
Torres-Arenas, A.J., Dong, Q., Sun, G.H., Qiang, W.C., Dong, S.H.: Entanglement measures of W-state in noninertial frames. Phys. Lett. B 789, 93–105 (2019)
Wu, S.M., Zeng, H.S., Liu, T.H.: Quantum coherence of Gaussian states in curved spacetime. Results Phys. 14(1–6), 102398 (2019)
Wang, J., Pan, Q., Jing, J.: Projective measurements and generation of entangled Dirac particles in Schwarzschild Spacetime. Ann. Phys. (Amsterdam) 325, 1190–1197 (2010)
He, J., Xu, S., Yu, Y., Ye, L.: Property of various correlation measures of open Dirac system with Hawking effect in Schwarzschild space-time. Phys. Lett. B 740, 322–328 (2015)
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11275064), the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant No. 20124306110003) and the Construct Program of the National Key Discipline.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wu, SM., Zeng, HS. Multipartite quantum coherence and monogamy for Dirac fields subject to Hawking radiation. Quantum Inf Process 18, 305 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-019-2426-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-019-2426-z