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Elimination of dyes by catalytic reduction in the absence of light: A review

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Abstract

Developing novel technologies for the effectual treatment of wastewater comprising contaminated organic pollutants is of extraordinary importance across the globe. In the last few years, removal of organic pollutants using various nanocatalysts from aqueous solution by chemical reduction in the presence of NaBH4, as a reducing agent, has become an established route. Nanomaterials show great potential for the improvement of water treatment technologies. Recently, catalytic reduction of dyes by using various nanoparticles has received significant attention due to their effectiveness in degradation and producing less toxic and environmentally benign products. Herein, this comprehensive review discusses the classification of nanocatalysts, mechanisms involved in catalytic degradation of various types of dyes, recyclability of nanocatalysts and characterization techniques for various nanocomposites. We aim to review and summarize the recently published literature and R&D progress in catalytic reduction of various water pollutants. Different nanocatalytic assemblies used for reduction of dyes and their division based on nature of nanoparticles and composition of supporting materials have been described critically. A mechanism for chemical reduction of nitrophenols, methylene blue, Congo red, and methyl orange in the presence of nanocatalysts has been elaborated in this study.

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Figure 1

reproduced with permission from Naseem et al.[191]

Figure 2

reproduced with permission from Bharath G. et al. [196]

Figure 3

reproduced with permission from Abay, A.K., et al. [207]

Figure 4

reproduced with permission from Abay, A.K., et al. [208]

Figure 5

reproduced with permission from Chandra et al. [234]

Figure 6

reproduced with permission from Chandra et al. [234]

Figure 7

reproduced with permission from Saad A. et al. [239]

Figure 8

reproduced with permission from Rajesh et al., [268] and b proposed mechanism for the reduction of CR; reproduced with permission from. Jia et. al. [202]

Figure 9

reproduced with permission from Ai, L. et al. [258]

Figure 10

reproduced with permission from Xuan S., et al. [262]

Figure 11

reproduced with permission from Du S., et al. [272]

Figure 12

reproduced with permission from Ansari et al. [304]

Figure 13

reproduced with permission from Azzam et al. [305]

Figure 14

reproduced with permission from Das et al. [306]

Figure 15

reproduced with permission from Ding et al. [307]

Figure 16

reproduced with permission from Elda R., et al. [314]

Figure 17

reproduced with permission from Esrafili et al. [319]

Figure 18

reproduced with permission from Zeng et al.[322]

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Acknowledgements

Authors are obliged to the higher education commission (HEC) Pakistan, SRGP-21-1669, and for financial support through indigenous PhD fellowship program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biochemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan

    Misbah Naz

  2. Solar Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan

    Asma Rafiq & Muhammad Ikram

  3. Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan

    Ali Haider

  4. Department of Physics, Riphah International University-Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan

    Syed Ossama Ali Ahmad

  5. Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China

    Junaid Haider & Sadia Naz

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  1. Misbah Naz
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  2. Asma Rafiq
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  3. Muhammad Ikram
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  4. Ali Haider
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  5. Syed Ossama Ali Ahmad
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  7. Sadia Naz
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Contributions

MN and AR conceptualized current study and reviewed literature. MI and SN performed data analysis, checked and drafted manuscript. AR, AH, and JH reviewed manuscript and provided their expert review. All author contributed to current article and approved final version.

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Naz, M., Rafiq, A., Ikram, M. et al. Elimination of dyes by catalytic reduction in the absence of light: A review. J Mater Sci 56, 15572–15608 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06279-1

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