Abstract
The abundant academic literature on international entrepreneurship has attracted the attention of many researchers in various fields (international business, entrepreneurship, management, marketing, to mention a few). A debate has been opened on whether international entrepreneurship is indeed a field. In this article, we seek to contribute to this debate. We applied a bibliometric analysis to 567 articles on international entrepreneurship published during the 1989–February 2015 period. The main indices that this is an emerging field are as follows: a concentration of publications on central contributors and universities, key dates of social events, the creation of a journal dedicated to the topic and a strong identity of keywords. A co-citation analysis shows that the international entrepreneurship field is structured on a stable body of references, organised into five key clusters, distinct from its mother disciplines: international business and entrepreneurship. Our work helps to identify the paradigmatic approaches that structure international entrepreneurship.
Résumé
L’abondante littérature académique en entrepreneuriat international a suscité l’intérêt de nombreux chercheurs de différents champs (management international, entrepreneuriat, management, marketing, entre autres). Il existe un débat autour de l’existence du champ de l’entrepreneuriat international. Dans cet article, nous cherchons à contribuer à ce débat. Nous avons appliqué une analyse bibliométrique à 567 articles portant sur l’entrepreneuriat international publiés entre 1989 et février 2015. Les principaux indices montrant qu’il s’agit bien d’un champ sont les suivants: une concentration des publications autour de contributeurs et universités centraux, des dates clés d’événements sociaux, la création de revues dédiées au thème et une forte identité des mots-clés. Une analyse de co-citations montre que le champ de l’entrepreneuriat international est structuré avec un corpus de références stable organisé autour de 5 clusters principaux, distincts de leurs disciplines mères : le management international et l’entrepreneuriat. Notre travail aide à identifier les approches paradigmatiques qui structurent l’entrepreneuriat international.
Resumen
La abundante literatura académica en emprendimiento internacional llamó la atención de numerosos investigadores de diversos campos (negocios internacionales, emprendimiento, gestión, mercadeo, entre otros). Un debate existe acerca de si el emprendimiento internacional es un campo o no. Con este artículo, buscamos contribuir a este debate. Hemos realizado un análisis bibliométrico a 567 artículos sobre emprendimiento internacional publicados entre 1989 y febrero de 2015. Los principales indicios de que se trata de un campo son: una concentración en publicaciones alrededor de contribuidores y universidades centrales, fechas claves de eventos sociales, la creación de revistas dedicadas al tema y una fuerte identidad alrededor de palabras claves. Un análisis de co-citaciones muestra que el campo del emprendimiento internacional está estructurado con un corpus de referencias estables organizado alrededor de 5 clústers principales, distintos de sus disciplinas madres: negocios internacionales y emprendimiento. Nuestro trabajo ayuda a identificar las aproximaicones paradigmáticas que estructuran el emprendimiento internacional.
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Notes
No specific indication means that the special issue is simply entitled « International entrepreneurship ».
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Acknowledgments
We gratefully acknowledge the very helpful comments and suggestions of Hamid Etemad, the editor, and of the two anonymous reviewers on earlier drafts of this article. The authors also would like to thank the participants at the McGill IE conference for their valuable feedback and the scientific committee of CIFEPME 2014 for encouraging us with an award on an earlier version of this paper. Finally, we would like to thank the research assistants for their invaluable support and work in the consolidation and codification of the database throughout the research process. Special thanks to: Juan Camilo Roa, Carlos Campo, Sebastian Cajamarca, Laura Claves and Gustavo Zambrano.
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Appendix
Appendix
List of all the papers included in the study
Authors | Year | Journal |
|---|---|---|
McDougall | 1989 | Journal of Business Venturing |
Litvak | 1990 | Multinational Business |
Jolly, Alahuhta, Jeannet | 1992 | Journal of Strategic Change |
Giamartino, McDougall, Bird | 1993 | Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice |
Rennie | 1993 | The McKinsey Quarterly |
McDougall, Shane, Oviatt | 1994 | Journal of Business Venturing |
Oviatt, McDougall | 1994 | Journal of International Business Studies |
Bell | 1995 | European Journal of Marketing |
Coviello, Munro | 1995 | European Journal of Marketing |
Oviatt, McDougall | 1995 | Academy of Management Executive |
Vatne | 1995 | Environment and Planning |
Bloodgood, Sapienza, Almeida | 1996 | Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice |
Boter, Holmquist | 1996 | Journal of Business Venturing |
Knight, Cavusgil | 1996 | Advances in International Marketing |
Korhonen, Luostarinen, Welch | 1996 | Management International Review |
McDougall, Oviatt | 1996 | Journal of Business Venturing |
Birkinshaw | 1997 | Strategic Management Journal |
Casson | 1997 | Business and Economic History |
Coviello, Munro | 1997 | International Business Review |
Fontes, Coombs | 1997 | International Small Business Journal |
Madsen, Servais | 1997 | International Business Review |
Oviatt, McDougall | 1997 | Management International Review |
Reuber, Fischer | 1997 | Journal of International Business Studies |
Zacharakis | 1997 | Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice |
Zahra, Neubaum, Huse | 1997 | Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice |
Caruana, Morris, Vella | 1998 | Journal of Small Business Management |
Holmlund, Kock | 1998 | International Small Business Journal |
Karagozoglu, Lindell | 1998 | Journal of Small Business Management |
Keogh, Jack, Bower, Crabtree | 1998 | International Small Business Journal |
Glas, Hisrich, Vancic, Antoncic | 1999 | Global Focus |
Hansen, Witkowski | 1999 | New England Journal of Entrepreneurship |
Jones | 1999 | Journal of International Marketing |
McAuley | 1999 | Journal of International Marketing |
Preece, Miles, Baetz | 1999 | Journal of Business Venturing |
Andersson | 2000 | International Studies of Management & Organization |
Antoncic, Hisrich | 2000 | Journal of Euro-Marketing |
Autio, Sapienza, Almeida | 2000 | Academy of Management Journal |
Burgel, Murray | 2000 | Journal of International Marketing |
Crick, Jones | 2000 | Journal of International Marketing |
Harveston, Kedia, Davis | 2000 | Advances in Competitiveness Research |
Knight | 2000 | Journal of International Marketing |
McDougall, Oviatt | 2000 | Academy of Management Journal |
Shrader, Oviatt, McDougall | 2000 | Academy of Management Journal |
Wolff, Pett | 2000 | Journal of Small Business Management |
Yeoh | 2000 | Journal of International Marketing |
Zahra, Garvis | 2000 | Journal of Business Venturing |
Zahra, Ireland, Hitt | 2000 | Academy of Management Journal |
Bell, McNaughton, Young | 2001 | Journal of International Management |
Geursen, Dana | 2001 | Journal of Enterprising Culture |
Ibeh, Young | 2001 | European Journal of Marketing |
Ibrahim, McGuire | 2001 | Management International |
Jones | 2001 | Journal of International Management |
Knight | 2001 | Journal of International Management |
McNaughton | 2001 | Journal of Euro-Marketing |
Rasmussan, Madsen, Evangelista | 2001 | Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics |
Shrader | 2001 | Academy of Management Journal |
Stray, Bridgewater, Murray | 2001 | Journal of Global Marketing |
Westhead, Wright, Ucbasaran | 2001 | Journal of Business Venturing |
Zahra, Hayton, Marcel, O’Neill | 2001 | European Management Journal |
Andersson | 2002 | European Journal of Marketing |
Fillis | 2002 | Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship |
Kuemmerle | 2002 | Journal of Business Venturing |
Loane, Bell | 2002 | Irish Journal of Management |
Manolova, Brush, Edelman, Greene | 2002 | International Small Business Journal |
Moen | 2002 | International Marketing Review |
Moen, Servais | 2002 | Journal of International Marketing |
Rhee | 2002 | New England Journal of Entrepreneurship |
Wai-Chung Yeung | 2002 | Asia Pacific Journal of Management |
Yli-Renko, Autio, Tontti | 2002 | International Business Review |
Andersson, Wictor | 2003 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Balabanis, Katsikea | 2003 | International Business Review |
Bell, McNaughton, Young, Crick | 2003 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Dimitratos, Johnson, Slow, Young | 2003 | European Management Journal |
Dimitratos, Plakoyiannaki | 2003 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Etemad, Lee | 2003 | Small Business Economics |
Hohenthal, Johanson, Johanson | 2003 | International Business Review |
Hurmerinta-PeltomÄki | 2003 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Ibeh | 2003 | Small Business Economics |
Katz, Safranski, Khan | 2003 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Kundu, Katz | 2003 | Small Business Economics |
Lee, Chen | 2003 | Asia Pacific Journal of Management |
McDonald, Krause, Schmengler, Tüselmann | 2003 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
McDougall, Oviatt, Shrader | 2003 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
McNaughton | 2003 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Riddle, Gilespie | 2003 | Small Business Economics |
Sharma, Blomstermo | 2003 | International Business Review |
Spence | 2003 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Wright R.W., Dana | 2003 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Young, Dimitratos, Dana | 2003 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Zahra, Matherne, Carleton | 2003 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Andersson | 2004 | Journal of Business Venturing |
Aspelund, Moen | 2004 | Journal of Euro-Marketing |
Bell, Crick, Young | 2004 | International Small Business Journal |
Bengtsson | 2004 | International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business |
Blomstermo, Eriksson K., Lindstrand, Sharma | 2004 | Journal of International Management |
Callaway | 2004 | New England Journal of Entrepreneurship |
Chetty, Campbell-Hunt | 2004 | Journal of International Marketing |
Coviello, Jones | 2004 | Journal of Business Venturing |
Crick | 2004 | Journal of Business Venturing |
Dimitratos, Lioukas, Carter | 2004 | International Business Review |
Etemad | 2004 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Fillis | 2004 | International Small Business Journal |
Fletcher | 2004 | Entrepreneurship & Regional Development |
Gabrielsson M., Kirpalani | 2004 | International Business Review |
Gabrielsson M., Sasi, Darling | 2004 | European Business Review |
Hashai, Almor | 2004 | International Business Review |
Ibeh, Johnson, Dimitratos, Slow | 2004 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Johnson | 2004 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Knight, Cavusgil | 2004 | Journal of International Business Studies |
Knight, Madsen, Servais | 2004 | International Marketing Review |
Leiblein, Reuer | 2004 | Journal of Business Venturing |
Levesque, Shepherd | 2004 | Journal of Business Venturing |
Loane, McNaughton, Bell | 2004 | Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences |
Nummela, Saarenketo, Puumalainen | 2004 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Park, Bae | 2004 | Journal of Business Venturing |
Saarenketo, Puumalainen, Kuivalainen, Kylaheiko | 2004 | International Journal of Production Economics |
Shaw, Darroch | 2004 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Welch, Welch | 2004 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Zahra, Neck, Kelley | 2004 | Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth |
Arenius | 2005 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Arenius, Sasi, Gabrielsson M. | 2005 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Aspelund, Moen | 2005 | Management International Review |
Autio | 2005 | Journal of International Business Studies |
Contractor, Hsu, Kundu | 2005 | Management International Review |
Crick, Spence | 2005 | International Business Review |
DeClercq, Sapienza, Crijns | 2005 | Small Business Economics |
Evangelista | 2005 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Gabrielsson M. | 2005 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Ibeh | 2005 | Management International Review |
Jantunen, Puumalainen, Saarenketo, Kylaheiko | 2005 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Jones, Coviello | 2005 | Journal of International Business Studies |
Knight, Cavusgil | 2005 | Management International Review |
Loane | 2005 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Mostafa, Wheeler, Jones | 2005 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Oviatt, McDougall | 2005 | Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice |
Oviatt, McDougall | 2005 | Journal of International Business Studies |
Prashantham | 2005 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Rialp A., Rialp J., Knight | 2005 | International Business Review |
Rialp A., Rialp J., Urbano, Vaillant | 2005 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Sapienza, DeClercq, Sandberg | 2005 | Journal of Business Venturing |
Varis, Kuivalainen, Saarenketo | 2005 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Zahra | 2005 | Journal of International Business Studies |
Zahra, Korri, Yu | 2005 | International Business Review |
Acedo, Florin | 2006 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Andersson, Eriksson M., Lundmark | 2006 | International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business |
Andersson, Evangelista | 2006 | Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development |
Andersson, Gabrielsson J., Wictor | 2006 | International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business |
Belso-Martinez | 2006 | Entrepreneurship & Regional Development |
Bloodgood | 2006 | International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research |
Buttriss, Wilkinson | 2006 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Coviello | 2006 | Journal of International Business Studies |
Coviello, Cox | 2006 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Freeman, Edwards, Schroder | 2006 | Journal of International Marketing |
Garvey, Brennan | 2006 | Irish Journal of Management |
Gleason, Madura, Wiggenhorn | 2006 | International Journal of Managerial Finance |
Han | 2006 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Hohenthal | 2006 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Kropp, Lindsay, Shoham | 2006 | International Marketing Review |
LiPuma | 2006 | International Entrepreneurship Management Journal |
Loane, Bell | 2006 | International Marketing Review |
Luostarinen, Gabrielsson | 2006 | Thunderbird International Business Review |
Mort, Weerawardena | 2006 | International Marketing Review |
Mtigwe | 2006 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Pla-Barber, Escriba-Esteve | 2006 | International Marketing Review |
Ruokonen, Nummela, Puumalainen, Saarenketo | 2006 | International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management |
Sapienza, Autio, George, Zahra | 2006 | Academy of Management Review |
Seymour | 2006 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Spence, Crick | 2006 | International Marketing Review |
Styles, Seymour | 2006 | International Marketing Review |
Wakkee | 2006 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Zain, Ng | 2006 | Thunderbird International Business Review |
Zhu, Hitt, Tihanyi | 2006 | Journal of Small Business Strategy |
Acedo, Casillas | 2007 | International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research |
Acedo, Jones | 2007 | Journal of World Business |
Aspelund, Madsen, Moen | 2007 | European Journal of Marketing |
Brannbäck, Carsrud, Renko | 2007 | Journal of Enterprising Culture |
Cloninger, Oviatt | 2007 | Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice |
Fan, Phan | 2007 | Journal of International Business Studies |
Fernhaber, McDougall, Oviatt | 2007 | Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice |
Freeman, Cavusgil | 2007 | Journal of International Marketing |
Gassmann, Keupp | 2007 | Journal of World Business |
Gleason, Wiggenhorn | 2007 | Journal of World Business |
Hallbäck, Larimo | 2007 | Journal of Euro-Marketing |
Hutchinson, Alexander, Quinn, Doherty | 2007 | Journal of International Marketing |
Klyver, Christensen | 2007 | International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business |
Kuivalainen, Lindqvist, Saarenketo, Äijö | 2007 | Journal of Euro-Marketing |
Kuivalainen, Sundqvist | 2007 | Journal of Euro-Marketing |
Kuivalainen, Sundqvist, Servais | 2007 | Journal of World Business |
Laanti, Gabrielsson M., Gabrielsson P. | 2007 | Industrial Marketing Management |
Loane, Bell, McNaughton | 2007 | Journal of World Business |
Mathews, Zander | 2007 | Journal of International Business Studies |
McGaughey | 2007 | Journal of World Business |
Melen, Nordman | 2007 | International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business |
Mudambi, Zahra | 2007 | Journal of International Business Studies |
Nadkarni, Perez | 2007 | Journal of International Business Studies |
Pisano, Ireland, Hitt, Webb | 2007 | International Journal of Technology Management |
Presutti, Boan, Fratocchi | 2007 | International Business Review |
Rialp A., Rialp J. | 2007 | Journal of Euro-Marketing |
Ripollés-Mélia, Menguzzato-Boulard, Sanchez-Peinado | 2007 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship |
Ruzzier, Antoncic, Hisrich, Konecnik | 2007 | Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences |
Servais, Zucchella, Palamara | 2007 | Journal of Euro-Marketing |
Vissak | 2007 | Journal of East–west Business |
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Servantie, V., Cabrol, M., Guieu, G. et al. Is international entrepreneurship a field? A bibliometric analysis of the literature (1989–2015). J Int Entrep 14, 168–212 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-015-0162-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-015-0162-8