Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Role of medicinal herbs and phytochemicals in post burn management

  • Review
  • Published:
Inflammopharmacology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Burn management is a natural and distinctly programmed process involving overlapping phases of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. Burn wound healing involves initiation of inflammation, re-epithelialization, granulation, neovascularization and wound contraction. Despite the availability of multiple preparations for management of burn wound, there is dire need for efficacious alternative agents. Current approaches for burn wound management include pharmaceutical agents and antibiotics. However, high cost of synthetic drugs and accelerated resistance to antibiotics is challenging for both developed and developing nations. Among alternative options, medicinal plants have been a biocompatible, safe and affordable source of preventive/curative approaches. Due to cultural acceptance and patient compliance, there has been a focus on the use of botanical drugs and phytochemicals for burn wound healing. Keeping in consideration of medicinal herbs and phytochemicals as suitable therapeutic/adjuvant agents for burn wound management, this review highlights therapeutic potential of 35 medicinal herbs and 10 phytochemicals. Among these, Elaeis guineensis, Ephedra ciliate and Terminalia avicennioides showed better burn wound healing potential with varied mechanisms such as modulation of TNF-alpha, inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, eicosanoids, ROS and leukocyte response. Phytochemicals (oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, kirenol) also showed promising role in burn wound management though various pathways involving such as down regulation of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and inflammatory mediators including plasma proteases and arachidonic acid metabolites. This review provides a pavement for therapeutic/adjuvant use of potential botanical drugs and novel druggable phyto-compounds to target skin burn injury with diverse mechanisms, affordability and safety profile.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

All the data related to this review lies with the corresponding author, and will be available if required at any point in time.

Abbreviations

NP:

Natural products

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

DAMPs:

Damage associated molecular patterns

Ag-NPs:

Silver nanoparticles

PCL:

Poly-ε-caprolactone

NSAIDs:

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

LOX:

Lipoxygenases

Ho-1:

Heme oxygenase 1

Sod-2:

Superoxide dismutases

USD:

Full form

PCL:

Natural products

MMPs:

Matrix metalloproteinases

IL-2:

Interleukin-2

WHO:

World Health Organization

S. aureus :

Staphylococcus aureus

E. guineensis :

Elaeis guineensis

E. ciliate :

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

M. neglecta :

Malva neglecta

P. rigida :

Pinus rigida

E. coli :

Escherichia coli

B. megaterium :

Bacillus megaterium

B. diffusa :

Boerhaavia diffusa

T. avicennioides :

Terminalia avicennioides

References

  • Abdul-Hameed ZH, Alarif WM, Omer A, el Omri A, Ayyad S-EN, Badria FA, Neamatallah T, Bawakid NO (2019) Selective anti-proliferative activity of indole alkaloids from Rhazya stricta decne leaves. Lett Org Chem 16:941–947

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abdul-Nasir-deen A-Y, Boakye YD, Osafo N, Agyare C, Boamah D, Boamah VE, Agyei EK (2020) Anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties of methanol leaf extract of Physalis angulata L. S Afr J Bot 133:124–131

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abou-Shoer MI, Fathy HM, Omar AA (2011) Extract-template modeling and pattern recognition in the assessment of (Cymbopogon proximus). Am J Anal Chem 2:500

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adewumi SS, Akinpelu BA, Akinpelu DA, Aiyegoro OA, Alayande KA, Agunbiade MO (2020) Studies on wound healing potentials of the leaf extract of terminalia avicennioides (Guill. & parr.) on wistar rats. S Afr J Bot 133:285–297

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Afshar M, Hassanzadeh-Taheri M, Zardast M, Honarmand M (2020) Efficacy of topical application of coumarin on incisional wound healing in BALB/c mice. Iran J Dermatol 23:56–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Akinyemi O, Oyewole S, Jimoh K (2018) Medicinal plants and sustainable human health: a review. Horticult Int J 2:194–195

    Google Scholar 

  • Ali MY, Park S, Chang M (2021) Phytochemistry, ethnopharmacological uses, biological activities, and therapeutic applications of Cassia obtusifolia L.: a comprehensive review. Molecules 26:6252

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Snafi AE (2019) Medical benefit of Malva neglecta—a review. IOSR J Pharm 9:60–67

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Snafi AE (2020) The traditional uses, constituents and pharmacological effects of Ononis spinosa. IOSR J Pharm 10:53–59

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amiri MS, Yazdi MET, Rahnama M (2021) Medicinal plants and phytotherapy in Iran: Glorious history, current status and future prospects. Plant Sci Today 8:95–111

    Google Scholar 

  • Anima P, Arun M, Satish S (2019) Scientific validation of wound healing potential of Jasminum sambac Ait. S Afr J Bot 121:584–589

    Google Scholar 

  • Anitha VT, Marimuthu J, Jeeva S (2012) Anti–bacterial studies on Hemigraphis colorata (Blume) HG Hallier and Elephantopus scaber L. Asian Pac J Trop Med 5:52–57

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aslam MS, Ahmad MS, Riaz H, Raza SA, Hussain S, Qureshi OS, Maria P, Hamzah Z, Javed O (2018) Role of flavonoids as wound healing agent. Phytochemicals-source of antioxidants and role in disease prevention. IntechOpen

  • Avola R, Granata G, Geraci C, Napoli E, Graziano ACE, Cardile V (2020) Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) essential oil provides anti-inflammatory activity and facilitates wound healing in a human keratinocytes cell model. Food Chem Toxicol 144:111586

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bacakova L, Zikmundova M, Pajorova J, Broz A, Filova E, Blanquer A, Matejka R, Stepanovska J, Mikes P, Jencova V (2019) Nanofibrous scaffolds for skin tissue engineering and wound healing based on synthetic polymers. Appl Nanobiotechnol 1. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88744

  • Baidoo MF, Mensah AY, Ossei PPS, Asante-Kwatia E, Amponsah IK (2021) Wound healing, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the leaf and stem bark of Entada africana Guill. & Perr. S Afr J Bot 137:52–59

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beckmann N, Pugh AM, Caldwell CC (2018) Burn injury alters the intestinal microbiome’s taxonomic composition and functional gene expression. PLoS ONE 13:e0205307

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Beserra FP, Vieira AJ, Gushiken LFS, De Souza EO, Hussni MF, Hussni CA, Nóbrega RH, Martinez ERM, Jackson CJ, De Azevedo Maia GL (2019) Lupeol, a dietary triterpene, enhances wound healing in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats with modulatory effects on inflammation, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2019:3182627

    Google Scholar 

  • Beserra FP, Vieira AJ, Gushiken LFS, De Souza EO, Hussni MF, Hussni CA, Takahira RK, Nóbrega RH, Martinez ERM, Jackson CJ (2020) Corrigendum to “Lupeol, a dietary triterpene, enhances wound healing in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats with modulatory effects on inflammation, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis”. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2020:3252696

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Boateng J, Catanzano O (2015) Advanced therapeutic dressings for effective wound healing—a review. J Pharm Sci 104:3653–3680

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bolla SR, Al-Subaie AM, Al-Jindan RY, Balakrishna JP, Ravi PK, Veeraraghavan VP, Pillai AA, Gollapalli SSR, Joseph JP, Surapaneni KM (2019) In vitro wound healing potency of methanolic leaf extract of Aristolochia saccata is possibly mediated by its stimulatory effect on collagen-1 expression. Heliyon 5:e01648

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Boudjelal A, Smeriglio A, Ginestra G, Denaro M, Trombetta D (2020) Phytochemical profile, safety assessment and wound healing activity of Artemisia absinthium L. Plants 9:1744

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks NC, Marshall AH, Qa’aty N, Hiyama Y, Boehning D, Jeschke MG (2013) XBP-1s is linked to suppressed gluconeogenesis in the Ebb phase of burn injury. Mol Med 19:72–78

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bulus T, Atawodi S, Mamman M (2011) Acute toxicity effect of the aqueous extract of Terminalia avicennioides on white albino rats. Sci World J 6:1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Byun E-B, Song H-Y, Kim WS (2020) Polysaccharides from Annona muricata leaves protect normal human epidermal keratinocytes and mice skin from radiation-induced injuries. Radiat Phys Chem 170:108672

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Che Zain MS, Lee SY, Sarian MN, Fakurazi S, Shaari K (2020) In vitro wound healing potential of flavonoid c-glycosides from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) leaves on 3t3 fibroblast cells. Antioxidants 9:326

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chiarini A, Freddi G, Liu D, Armato U, dal Prà I (2016) Biocompatible silk noil-based three-dimensional carded-needled nonwoven scaffolds guide the engineering of novel skin connective tissue. Tissue Eng Part A 22:1047–1060

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chitrattha S, Phaechamud T (2016) Oxygen transmission of modified natural rubber, poly (lactic acid) and chitosan porous structures for wound dressing. Asian J Pharmaceutical Sci 11:168–169

    Google Scholar 

  • Christodoulakis NS, Mamoucha S, Termentzi A, Fokialakis N (2015) Leaf structure and histochemistry of the hardy evergreen Euphorbia characias L. (Mediterranean spurge). Flora-Morphol Distribution Funct Ecol Plants 210:13–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Chua AWC, Khoo YC, Tan BK, Tan KC, Foo CL, Chong SJ (2016) Skin tissue engineering advances in severe burns: review and therapeutic applications. Burns Trauma 4:3

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cleetus CM, Primo FA, Fregoso G, Raveendran NL, Noveron JC, Spencer CT, Ramana CV, Joddar B (2020) Alginate hydrogels with embedded ZnO nanoparticles for wound healing therapy. Int J Nanomed 15:5097

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colohan SM (2010) Predicting prognosis in thermal burns with associated inhalational injury: a systematic review of prognostic factors in adult burn victims. J Burn Care Res 31:529–539

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cox-Georgian D, Ramadoss N, Dona C, Basu C (2019) Therapeutic and medicinal uses of terpenes. Medicinal plants. Springer.

  • Dalar A, Türker M, Konczak I (2012) Antioxidant capacity and phenolic constituents of Malva neglecta Wallr. and Plantago lanceolata L. from Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. J Herbal Med 2:42–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Dayal R, Singh A, Ojha RP, Mishra K (2015) Possible therapeutic potential of Helicteres isora (L.) and it’s mechanism of action in diseases. J Med Plant Stud 3:95–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Dehkordi AN, Babaheydari FM, Chehelgerdi M, Dehkordi SR (2019) Skin tissue engineering: wound healing based on stem-cell-based therapeutic strategies. Stem Cell Res Ther 10:1–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Diamant M, Blaak E, de Vos W (2011) Do nutrient–gut–microbiota interactions play a role in human obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes? Obes Rev 12:272–281

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • dos Santos VLP, Ribas JLC, de Lima CP, Campos R, Garcia AC, Budel JM, Messias-Reason IJ (2020) The wound healing effect of aqueous extract from Piper amalago L. in diabetic patient. Explore 16:368–371

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Durán N, Durán M, de Jesus MB, Seabra AB, Fávaro WJ, Nakazato G (2016) Silver nanoparticles: a new view on mechanistic aspects on antimicrobial activity. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 12:789–799

    Google Scholar 

  • Earley ZM, Akhtar S, Green SJ, Naqib A, Khan O, Cannon AR, Hammer AM, Morris NL, Li X, Eberhardt JM (2015) Burn injury alters the intestinal microbiome and increases gut permeability and bacterial translocation. PLoS ONE 10:e0129996

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Elnahas RA, Elwakil BH, Elshewemi SS, Olama ZA (2021) Egyptian Olea europaea leaves bioactive extract: antibacterial and wound healing activity in normal and diabetic rats. J Tradit Complement Med 11(5):427–434

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Esmaeili A, Parsaei P, Nazer M, Bakhtiari R, Mirbehresi H, Safian Boldaji H (2021) Phytotherapy in burn wound healing: a review of native Iranian medicinal plants. J Chem Health Risks 17–29

  • Farahpour MR, Pirkhezr E, Ashrafian A, Sonboli A (2020) Accelerated healing by topical administration of Salvia officinalis essential oil on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus infected wound model. Biomed Pharmacother 128:110120

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Finnerty CC, Jeschke MG, Qian W-J, Kaushal A, Xiao W, Liu T, Gritsenko MA, Moore RJ, Camp DG (2013) Determination of burn patient outcome by large-scale quantitative discovery proteomics. Crit Care Med 41:1421

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fraga CG, Croft KD, Kennedy DO, Tomás-Barberán FA (2019) The effects of polyphenols and other bioactives on human health. Food Funct 10:514–528

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frieri M, Kumar K, Boutin A (2016) Wounds, burns, trauma, and injury. Wound Med 13:12–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Genc Y, Harput US, Saracoglu I (2019) Active compounds isolated from Plantago subulata L. via wound healing and antiinflammatory activity guided studies. J Ethnopharmacol 241:112030

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ghavaminejad A, Rajan Unnithan A, Ramachandra Kurup Sasikala A, Samarikhalaj M, Thomas RG, Jeong YY, Nasseri S, Murugesan P, Wu D, Hee Park C (2015) Mussel-inspired electrospun nanofibers functionalized with size-controlled silver nanoparticles for wound dressing application. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:12176–12183

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ghorbani A, Esmaeilizadeh M (2017) Pharmacological properties of Salvia officinalis and its components. J Tradit Complement Med 7:433–440

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ghuman S, Ncube B, Finnie J, McGaw L, Njoya EM, Coopoosamy R, van Staden J (2019) Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties of medicinal plant extracts used to treat wounds and dermatological disorders. S Afr J Bot 126:232–240

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gore DC, Chinkes DL, Hart DW, Wolf SE, Herndon DN, Sanford AP (2002) Hyperglycemia exacerbates muscle protein catabolism in burn-injured patients. Crit Care Med 30:2438–2442

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gosain A, Gamelli RL (2005) Role of the gastrointestinal tract in burn sepsis. J Burn Care Rehabil 26:85–91

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greenhalgh DG (2019) Management of burns. N Engl J Med 380:2349–2359

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grice EA, Segre JA (2011) The skin microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol 9:244–253

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Grigorian A, Nahmias J, Schubl S, Gabriel V, Bernal N, Joe V (2018) Rising mortality in patients with combined burn and trauma. Burns 44:1989–1996

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guillory AN, Clayton RP, Herndon DN, Finnerty CC (2016) Cardiovascular dysfunction following burn injury: what we have learned from rat and mouse models. Int J Mol Sci 17:53

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hampson P, Dinsdale RJ, Wearn CM, Bamford AL, Bishop JR, Hazeldine J, Moiemen NS, Harrison P, Lord JM (2017) Neutrophil dysfunction, immature granulocytes, and cell-free DNA are early biomarkers of sepsis in burn-injured patients: a prospective observational cohort study. Ann Surg 265:1241–1249

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanafiah OA, Abidin T, Ilyas S, Nainggolan M, Syamsudin E (2019) Wound healing activity of binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) leaves extract towards NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells. J Int Dent Med Res 12:854–858

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilou A, Nacoulma O, Guiguemde T (2006) In vivo antimalarial activities of extracts from Amaranthus spinosus L. and Boerhaavia erecta L. in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 103:236–240

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holtman JR, Jellish WS (2012) Opioid-induced hyperalgesia and burn pain. J Burn Care Res 33:692–701

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ibrahim N, Kebede A (2020) In vitro antibacterial activities of methanol and aqueous leave extracts of selected medicinal plants against human pathogenic bacteria. Saudi J Biol Sci 27:2261–2268

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Islam F, Hossain A, Hossain MG, Murshid GMM, Rahman MM (2015) Evaluation of antioxidant, analgesic and cytotoxic activities of Typha angustata L. root. Dhaka Univ J Pharm Sci 14:55–59

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • James GA, Swogger E, Wolcott R, Pulcini ED, Secor P, Sestrich J, Costerton JW, Stewart PS (2008) Biofilms in chronic wounds. Wound Repair Regenerat 16:37–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeschke MG (2016) Postburn hypermetabolism: past, present, and future. J Burn Care Res 37:86–96

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jeschke MG, Gauglitz GG, Kulp GA, Finnerty CC, Williams FN, Kraft R, Suman OE, Mlcak RP, Herndon DN (2011) Long-term persistance of the pathophysiologic response to severe burn injury. PLoS ONE 6:e21245

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jeschke MG (2021) Pathophysiology of burn injury. Burn care and treatment. Springer

  • Jia Z, Xiu P, Li M, Xu X, Shi Y, Cheng Y, Wei S, Zheng Y, Xi T, Cai H (2016) Bioinspired anchoring AgNPs onto micro-nanoporous TiO2 orthopedic coatings: trap-killing of bacteria, surface-regulated osteoblast functions and host responses. Biomaterials 75:203–222

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Juneja K, Mishra R, Chauhan S, Gupta S, Roy P, Sircar D (2020) Metabolite profiling and wound-healing activity of Boerhavia diffusa leaf extracts using in vitro and in vivo models. J Tradit Complement Med 10:52–59

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jung WK, Koo HC, Kim KW, Shin S, Kim SH, Park YH (2008) Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of the silver ion in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 74:2171–2178

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kadam P, Patil M, Yadav K (2018) A review on phytopharmacopial potential of Epilobium angustifolium. Pharmacognosy J 10

  • Karakaya S, Süntar I, Yakinci OF, Sytar O, Ceribasi S, Dursunoglu B, Ozbek H, Guvenalp Z (2020) In vivo bioactivity assessment on Epilobium species: a particular focus on Epilobium angustifolium and its components on enzymes connected with the healing process. J Ethnopharmacol 262:113207

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kartini K, Wati N, Gustav R, Wahyuni R, Anggada YF, Hidayani R, Raharjo A, Islamie R, Putra SED (2021) Wound healing effects of Plantago major extract and its chemical compounds in hyperglycemic rats. Food Biosci 41:100937

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keck M, Herndon DH, Kamolz LP, Frey M, Jeschke MG (2009) Pathophysiology of burns. Wien Med Wochenschr 159:327–336

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kefe A, Giday M, Mamo H, Erko B (2016) Antimalarial properties of crude extracts of seeds of Brucea antidysenterica and leaves of Ocimum lamiifolium. BMC Complement Altern Med 16:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan Y, Panchal S, Vyas N, Butani A, Kumar V (2007) Olea europaea: a phyto-pharmacological review. Pharmacogn Rev 1:114–118

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan W, Challa VGS, Langer R, Domb AJ (2014) Biodegradable polymers for focal delivery systems. Focal controlled drug delivery. Springer

  • Kim J-H (2018) Pharmacological and medical applications of Panax ginseng and ginsenosides: a review for use in cardiovascular diseases. J Ginseng Res 42:264–269

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koldaş S, Demirtas I, Ozen T, Demirci MA, Behçet L (2015) Phytochemical screening, anticancer and antioxidant activities of Origanum vulgare L. ssp. viride (Boiss.) Hayek, a plant of traditional usage. J Sci Food Agric 95:786–798

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krausz AE, Adler BL, Cabral V, Navati M, Doerner J, Charafeddine RA, Chandra D, Liang H, Gunther L, Clendaniel A (2015) Curcumin-encapsulated nanoparticles as innovative antimicrobial and wound healing agent. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 11:195–206

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnan P, Frew Q, Green A, Martin R, Dziewulski P (2013) Cause of death and correlation with autopsy findings in burns patients. Burns 39:583–588

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lachiewicz AM, Hauck CG, Weber DJ, Cairns BA, van Duin D (2017) Bacterial infections after burn injuries: impact of multidrug resistance. Clin Infect Dis 65:2130–2136

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lara HH, Garza-Treviño EN, Ixtepan-Turrent L, Singh DK (2011) Silver nanoparticles are broad-spectrum bactericidal and virucidal compounds. J Nanobiotechnol 9:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee RC (1997) Injury by electrical forces: pathophysiology, manifestations, and therapy. Curr Problems Surg 34:677–764

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lei H, Zhu C, Fan D (2020) Optimization of human-like collagen composite polysaccharide hydrogel dressing preparation using response surface for burn repair. Carbohyd Polym 239:116249

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Jiang H, Zheng W, Gong N, Chen L, Jiang X, Yang G (2015a) Bacterial cellulose–hyaluronan nanocomposite biomaterials as wound dressings for severe skin injury repair. J Mater Chem B 3:3498–3507

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li Z, Yuan B, Dong X, Duan L, Tian H, He C, Chen X (2015b) Injectable polysaccharide hybrid hydrogels as scaffolds for burn wound healing. RSC Adv 5:94248–94256

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liang D, Lu Z, Yang H, Gao J, Chen R (2016) Novel asymmetric wettable AgNPs/chitosan wound dressing: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:3958–3968

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lin FC-F, Lee S-S, Li Y-C, Ho Y-C, Chen W-Y, Chen C-J, Lee M-W, Yeh K-L, Tsai SC-S, Kuan Y-H (2021) Protective effects of kirenol against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through the modulation of the proinflammatory NFκB pathway and the AMPK2-/Nrf2-mediated HO-1/AOE pathway. Antioxidants 10:204

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lindholm C, Searle R (2016) Wound management for the 21st century: combining effectiveness and efficiency. Int Wound J 13(Suppl 2):5–15

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ma C, Chen Y, Chen J, Li X, Chen Y (2017) A review on Annona squamosa L.: phytochemicals and biological activities. Am J Chin Med 45:933–964

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mahajan R, Itankar P (2020) Antioxidant, antimicrobial and wound healing potential of Helicteres isora Linn. Leaf Extracts Digital Chin Med 3:188–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahmoudi M, Gould LJ (2020) Opportunities and challenges of the management of chronic wounds: a multidisciplinary viewpoint. Chronic Wound Care Manag Res 7:27–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Majumder S, Sigamani A, Rahman T, Rahmatullah M (2020) Exploring phytochemicals as alternatives to antimicrobials—prospects and potentials. World J Pharm Pharm Sci 9:1802–1813

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maksimovic ZA, Dordevic S, Mraovic M (2005) Antimicrobial activity of Chenopodium botrys essential oil. Fitoterapia 76:112–114

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malone M, Bjarnsholt T, McBain AJ, James GA, Stoodley P, Leaper D, Tachi M, Schultz G, Swanson T, Wolcott RD (2017) The prevalence of biofilms in chronic wounds: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data. J Wound Care 26:20–25

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mariam A (2015) Some medicinal plant resources and traditional uses in Pakistan. J Plant Breed Crop Sci 7:158–162

    Google Scholar 

  • Matheson J, Clayton J, Muller M (2001) The reduction of itch during burn wound healing. J Burn Care Rehabil 22:76–81

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mazumdar S, Ghosh AK, Dinda M, Das AK, Das S, Jana K, Karmakar P (2019) Evaluation of wound healing activity of ethanol extract of Annona reticulata L. leaf both in vitro and in diabetic mice model. J Traditional Complement Med 11(1):27–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Melaku Y, Worku T, Tadesse Y, Mekonnen Y, Schmidt J, Arnold N, Dagne E (2017) Antiplasmodial compounds from leaves of Dodonaea angustifolia. Curr Bioact Compd 13:268–273

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Messingham KAN, Faunce DE, Kovacs EJ (2002) Alcohol, injury, and cellular immunity. Alcohol 28:137–149

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mihai MM, Dima MB, Dima B, Holban AM (2019) Nanomaterials for wound healing and infection control. Materials 12:2176

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mishra S, Aeri V, Gaur PK, Jachak SM (2014) Phytochemical, therapeutic, and ethnopharmacological overview for a traditionally important herb: Boerhavia diffusa Linn. BioMed Res Int 2014:808302

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Miyazaki H, Kinoshita M, Ono S, Seki S, Saitoh D (2015) Burn-evoked reactive oxygen species immediately after injury are crucial to restore the neutrophil function against postburn infection in mice. Shock 44:252–257

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moglad EH, Hamad AM, Fatima F, Seshadri VD, Naz M (2020) Antimicrobial and wound healing activities of certain Sudanese medicinal plants. Saudi J Biol Sci 27:1766–1772

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Morenike C, Veronica A, Emikpe BO, Oyebanji VO, Jarikre TA (2019) Investigations on the antimicrobial and wound healing activity of Ficus thonningii Blume extracts. Comp Clin Pathol 28:1113–1118

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgado PI, Miguel SP, Correia IJ, Aguiar-Ricardo A (2017) Ibuprofen loaded PVA/chitosan membranes: a highly efficient strategy towards an improved skin wound healing. Carbohyd Polym 159:136–145

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mothana RA, Al-Said MS, Al-Rehaily AJ, Thabet TM, Awad NA, Lalk M, Lindequist U (2012) Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antipyretic and antioxidant activities and phenolic constituents from Loranthus regularis Steud. ex Sprague. Food Chem 130:344–349

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mourya NMN, Bhopte DBD, Sagar RSR (2017) A review on Jasminum sambac: a potential medicinal plant. Int J Indigenous Herbs Drugs 13–16

  • Mousa AK, Elshenawy AA, Maklad SM, Bebars SM, Burezq HAHA, Sayed SE (2021) Post‐burn scar malignancy: 5‐year management review and experience. Int Wound J 19(4):895–909

    Google Scholar 

  • Muñoz B, Suárez-Sánchez R, Hernández-Hernández O, Franco-Cendejas R, Cortés H, Magaña JJ (2019) From traditional biochemical signals to molecular markers for detection of sepsis after burn injuries. Burns 45:16–31

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy TJ, Paterson HM, Mannick JA, Lederer JA (2004) Injury, sepsis, and the regulation of Toll-like receptor responses. J Leukoc Biol 75:400–407

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mutlu E, Keshavarzian A, Engen P, Forsyth CB, Sikaroodi M, Gillevet P (2009) Intestinal dysbiosis: a possible mechanism of alcohol-induced endotoxemia and alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats. Alcoholism Clin Exp Res 33:1836–1846

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nayak BS, Jena PK, Dinda SC, Ellaiah P (2011) An overview on silviculture and traditional therapeutic uses of Gmnelina arborea Roxb. J Pharmacy Res 4:1–2

    Google Scholar 

  • Nejjari R, Benabbes M, Amrani M, Meddah B, Bouatia M, Taoufik J (2019) Phytochemical screening and wound healing activity of Telephium imperati (L.) in rats. S Afr J Bot 123:147–151

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nezamdoost T, Bagherieh-Najjar M, Aghdasi M (2014) Biogenic synthesis of stable bioactive silver chloride nanoparticles using Onosma dichroantha Boiss. root extract. Mater Lett 137:225–228

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nielson CB, Duethman NC, Howard JM, Moncure M, Wood JG (2017) Burns: pathophysiology of systemic complications and current management. J Burn Care Res 38:e469–e481

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nigussie G, Alemu M, Ibrahim F, Werede Y, Tegegn M, Neway S, Annisa ME (2021) Phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological properties of Rhamnus prinoides: a review. Int J Secondary Metabolite 8:136–151

    Google Scholar 

  • Oguntibeju OO (2019) Medicinal plants and their effects on diabetic wound healing. Vet World 12:653

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Okur ME, Ayla Ş, Çiçek Polat D, Günal MY, Yoltaş A, Biçeroğlu Ö (2018a) Novel insight into wound healing properties of methanol extract of Capparis ovata Desf. var. palaestina Zohary fruits. J Pharm Pharmacol 70:1401–1413

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Okur ME, Polat DC, Ozbek H, Yilmaz S, Yoltas A, Arslan R (2018b) Evaluation of the antidiabetic property of Capparis ovata Desf. var. palaestina Zoh. extracts using in vivo and in vitro Approaches. Endocr Metab Immune Disorders-Drug Targets (formerly Curr Drug Targets-Immune Endocr Metab Disord) 18:489–501

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okur ME, Karadağ AE, Özhan Y, Sipahi H, Ayla Ş, Daylan B, Kültür Ş, Demirci B, Demirci F (2021) Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and in vivo-in vitro wound healing potential of the Phlomis rigida Labill. extract. J Ethnopharmacol 266:113408

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Omar A, Wright JB, Schultz G, Burrell R, Nadworny P (2017) Microbial biofilms and chronic wounds. Microorganisms 5:9

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Osman OB (2022) Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy for corneal diseases and in vivo burn diagnosis. State University of New York at Stony Brook

  • Osuka A, Ogura H, Ueyama M, Shimazu T, Lederer JA (2014) Immune response to traumatic injury: harmony and discordance of immune system homeostasis. Acute Med Surg 1:63–69

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Owoyele BV, Owolabi GO (2014) Traditional oil palm (Elaeis guineensis jacq) and its medicinal uses: a review. CELLMED 4:161–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Öz BE, Işcan GS, Akkol EK, Süntar I, Acıkara ÖB (2018) Isoflavonoids as wound healing agents from Ononidis Radix. J Ethnopharmacol 211:384–393

    Google Scholar 

  • Özbilgin S, Acikara ÖB, Akkol EK, Süntar I, Keleş H, Işcan GS (2018) In vivo wound-healing activity of Euphorbia characias subsp. wulfenii: isolation and quantification of quercetin glycosides as bioactive compounds. J Ethnopharmacol 224:400–408

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park K-S, Park D-H (2019) The effect of Korean Red Ginseng on full-thickness skin wound healing in rats. J Ginseng Res 43:226–235

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paswan SK, Srivastava S, Rao CV (2020) Wound healing, antimicrobial and antioxidant efficacy of Amaranthus spinosus ethanolic extract on rats. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 26:101624

    Google Scholar 

  • Patsouris D, Qi P, Abdullahi A, Stanojcic M, Chen P, Parousis A, Amini-Nik S, Jeschke MG (2015) Burn induces browning of the subcutaneous white adipose tissue in mice and humans. Cell Rep 13:1538–1544

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pauksch L, Hartmann S, Rohnke M, Szalay G, Alt V, Schnettler R, Lips KS (2014) Biocompatibility of silver nanoparticles and silver ions in primary human mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts. Acta Biomater 10:439–449

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pereira RF, Barrias CC, Granja PL, Bartolo PJ (2013) Advanced biofabrication strategies for skin regeneration and repair. Nanomedicine 8:603–621

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pereira Beserra F, Xue M, Maia GLDA, Leite Rozza A, Helena Pellizzon C, Jackson CJ (2018) Lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpene, promotes migration, wound closure, and contractile effect in vitro: possible involvement of PI3K/Akt and p38/ERK/MAPK pathways. Molecules 23:2819

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pereira Beserra F, Sérgio Gushiken LF, Vieira AJ, Augusto Bérgamo D, Luísa Bérgamo P, De Souza MO, Alberto Hussni C, Kiomi Takahira R, Henrique Nóbrega R, Monteiro Martinez ER (2020) From inflammation to cutaneous repair: topical application of lupeol improves skin wound healing in rats by modulating the cytokine levels, NF-κB, Ki-67, growth factor expression, and distribution of collagen fibers. Int J Mol Sci 21:4952

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pérez-Recalde M, Arias IER, Hermida ÉB (2018) Could essential oils enhance biopolymers performance for wound healing? A systematic review. Phytomedicine 38:57–65

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pratsinis A, Hervella P, Leroux JC, Pratsinis SE, Sotiriou GA (2013) Toxicity of silver nanoparticles in macrophages. Small 9:2576–2584

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rae L, Fidler P, Gibran N (2016) The physiologic basis of burn shock and the need for aggressive fluid resuscitation. Crit Care Clin 32:491–505

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raeiszadeh M, Esmaeili-Tarzi M, Bahrampour-Juybari K, Nematollahi-Mahani S, Pardakhty A, Nematollahi M, Mehrabani M (2018) Evaluation the effect of Myrtus communis L. extract on several underlying mechanisms involved in wound healing: An in vitro study. S Afr J Bot 118:144–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Rajoo A, Ramanathan S, Mansor SM, Sasidharan S (2021) Formulation and evaluation of wound healing activity of Elaeis guineensis Jacq leaves in a Staphylococcus aureus infected Sprague Dawley rat model. J Ethnopharmacol 266:113414

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rech MA, Mosier MJ, McConkey K, Zelisko S, Netzer G, Kovacs EJ, Afshar M (2019) Outcomes in burn-injured patients who develop sepsis. J Burn Care Res 40:269–273

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rehberg S, Yamamoto Y, Sousse LE, Jonkam C, Zhu Y, Traber LD, Cox RA, Prough DS, Traber DL, Enkhbaatar P (2013) Antithrombin attenuates vascular leakage via inhibiting neutrophil activation in acute lung injury. Crit Care Med 41:e439

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Reithofer MR, Lakshmanan A, Ping AT, Chin JM, Hauser CA (2014) In situ synthesis of size-controlled, stable silver nanoparticles within ultrashort peptide hydrogels and their anti-bacterial properties. Biomaterials 35:7535–7542

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ren J, Yang M, Chen J, Ma S, Wang N (2020) Anti-inflammatory and wound healing potential of kirenol in diabetic rats through the suppression of inflammatory markers and matrix metalloproteinase expressions. Biomed Pharmacother 129:110475

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rengifo-Salgado E, Vargas-Arana G (2013) Physalis angulata L. (Bolsa Mullaca): a review of its traditional uses, chemistry and pharmacology. Boletín Latinoamericano y Del Caribe De Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas 12:431–445

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rex J, Muthukumar N, Selvakumar P (2018) Phytochemicals as a potential source for anti-microbial, antioxidant and wound healing-a review. MOJ Biorg Org Chem 2:61–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Rezvani Ghomi E, Khalili S, Nouri Khorasani S, Esmaeely Neisiany R, Ramakrishna S (2019) Wound dressings: current advances and future directions. J Appl Polym Sci 136:47738

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowan MP, Cancio LC, Elster EA, Burmeister DM, Rose LF, Natesan S, Chan RK, Christy RJ, Chung KK (2015) Burn wound healing and treatment: review and advancements. Crit Care 19:1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Safavi F, Farimani M, Golalipour M, Leung P-C, Lau K-M, Kwok H-F, Wong C-W, Bayat H, Lau C-S (2019) Investigations on the wound healing properties of Onosma dichroantha Boiss root extracts. S Afr J Bot 125:344–352

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Safna M, Visakh U, Gangadharan A (2020) Biological activity of hexane extract of Hemigraphis colorata, an indigenous wound healing plant. Mater Today Proc 25:294–297

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saha S, Sonar V, Soni B, Koladiya S, Chakraborty S, Pithawala M (2021) Investigating wound healing potential of Typha angustata L. inflorescence in albino Wistar rats. Phytomed plus 1:100054

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahana T, Rekha P (2018) Biopolymers: applications in wound healing and skin tissue engineering. Mol Biol Rep 45:2857–2867

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saleem U, Khalid S, Zaib S, Anwar F, Ahmad B, Ullah I, Zeb A, Ayaz M (2020) Phytochemical analysis and wound healing studies on ethnomedicinally important plant Malva neglecta Wallr. J Ethnopharmacol 249:112401

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salibian AA, del Rosario AT, Severo LDAM, Nguyen L, Banyard DA, Toranto JD, Evans GR, Widgerow AD (2016) Current concepts on burn wound conversion—a review of recent advances in understanding the secondary progressions of burns. Burns 42:1025–1035

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Samuelsen AB (2000) The traditional uses, chemical constituents and biological activities of Plantago major L. A review. J Ethnopharmacol 71:1–21

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sarkhail P, Navidpour L, Rahimifard M, Hosseini NM, Souri E (2020) Bioassay-guided fractionation and identification of wound healing active compound from Pistacia vera L. hull extract. J Ethnopharmacol 248:112335

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sayyedrostami T, Pournaghi P, Vosta-Kalaee SE, Zangeneh MM (2018) Evaluation of the wound healing activity of Chenopodium botrys leaves essential oil in rats (a short-term study). J Essential Oil Bearing Plants 21:164–174

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sekirov I, Russell SL, Antunes LCM, Finlay BB (2010) Gut microbiota in health and disease. Physiol Rev 90(3):859–904

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seok J, Warren HS, Cuenca AG, Mindrinos MN, Baker HV, Xu W, Richards DR, McDonald-Smith GP, Gao H, Hennessy L (2013) Genomic responses in mouse models poorly mimic human inflammatory diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci 110:3507–3512

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sethuram L, Thomas J, Mukherjee A, Chandrasekaran N (2019) Effects and formulation of silver nanoscaffolds on cytotoxicity dependent ion release kinetics towards enhanced excision wound healing patterns in Wistar albino rats. RSC Adv 9:35677–35694

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Shemesh M, Zilberman M (2014) Structure–property effects of novel bioresorbable hybrid structures with controlled release of analgesic drugs for wound healing applications. Acta Biomater 10:1380–1391

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siddiqui AR, Bernstein JM (2010) Chronic wound infection: facts and controversies. Clin Dermatol 28:519–526

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sidossis LS, Porter C, Saraf MK, Børsheim E, Radhakrishnan RS, Chao T, Ali A, Chondronikola M, Mlcak R, Finnerty CC (2015) Browning of subcutaneous white adipose tissue in humans after severe adrenergic stress. Cell Metab 22:219–227

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, Bellomo R, Bernard GR, Chiche J-D, Coopersmith CM (2016) The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA 315:801–810

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Song H, Xu Y, Chang W, Zhuang J, Wu X (2020) Negative pressure wound therapy promotes wound healing by suppressing macrophage inflammation in diabetic ulcers. Regen Med 15:2341–2349

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sönmez PE, Kirbag S, Çakilcioğlu U (2020) Reviewing Phlomis rigida Labill from Turkey as a antimicrobial efficacy. Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 24:1265–1271

    Google Scholar 

  • Sood RF, Gibran NS, Arnoldo BD, Gamelli RL, Herndon DN, Tompkins RG, INFLAMMATION & INVESTIGATORS, T. H. R. T. I. (2016) Early leukocyte gene expression associated with age, burn size, and inhalation injury in severely burned adults. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 80:250

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Stanojcic M, Abdullahi A, Rehou S, Parousis A, Jeschke MG (2018) Pathophysiological response to burn injury in adults. Ann Surg 267:576–584

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stein J, Jorge BC, Reis ACC, Radai JAS, da Silva Moreira S, Fraga TL, da Silva Mota J, Oliveira RJ, Kassuya CAL, Arena AC (2022) Evaluation of the safety of ethanolic extract from Piper amalago L. (Piperaceae) leaves in vivo: subacute toxicity and genotoxicity studies. Regulat Toxicol Pharmacol 129:105118

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart PS (2002) Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacterial biofilms. Int J Med Microbiol 292:107–113

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Szopa A, Pajor J, Klin P, Rzepiela A, Elansary HO, Al-Mana FA, Mattar MA, Ekiert H (2020) Artemisia absinthium L.—importance in the history of medicine, the latest advances in phytochemistry and therapeutical, cosmetological and culinary uses. Plants 9:1063

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tessema Z, Yibeltal D, Molla Y (2021) Evaluation of the wound healing activity of the crude extract of root bark of Brucea antidysentrica, the leaves of Dodonaea angustifolia and Rhamnus prinoides in mice. Heliyon 7:e05901

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tottoli EM, Dorati R, Genta I, Chiesa E, Pisani S, Conti B (2020) Skin wound healing process and new emerging technologies for skin wound care and regeneration. Pharmaceutics 12:735

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Varaprasad K, Mohan YM, Vimala K, Mohana Raju K (2011) Synthesis and characterization of hydrogel-silver nanoparticle-curcumin composites for wound dressing and antibacterial application. J Appl Polym Sci 121:784–796

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vaughn L, Beckel N (2012) Severe burn injury, burn shock, and smoke inhalation injury in small animals. Part 1: burn classification and pathophysiology. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 22:179–186

    Google Scholar 

  • Velu G, Palanichamy V, Rajan AP (2018) Phytochemical and pharmacological importance of plant secondary metabolites in modern medicine. Bioorganic phase in natural food: an overview. Springer

  • Wood FM (2014) Skin regeneration: the complexities of translation into clinical practise. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 56:133–140

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu C, Zhang G, Xia T, Li Z, Zhao K, Deng Z, Guo D, Peng B (2015) Bioinspired synthesis of polydopamine/Ag nanocomposite particles with antibacterial activities. Mater Sci Eng, C 55:155–165

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu R, Luo G, Xia H, He W, Zhao J, Liu B, Tan J, Zhou J, Liu D, Wang Y (2015) Novel bilayer wound dressing composed of silicone rubber with particular micropores enhanced wound re-epithelialization and contraction. Biomaterials 40:1–11

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yadav P, Singh D, Mallik A, Nayak S (2012) Madhuca longifolia (Sapotaceae), a review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Int J Biomed Res 3:291–305

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yahaya ES, Cordier W, Steenkamp PA, Steenkamp V (2018) Attenuation of oxidative stress and artificial wound closure in C2C12 myoblasts induced by sequential extracts of Boerhavia diffusa. J Pharm Pharmacol 70:111–123

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yarmolinsky L, Budovsky A, Yarmolinsky L, Khalfin B, Glukhman V, Ben-Shabat S (2019) Effect of bioactive phytochemicals from Phlomis viscosa poiret on wound healing. Plants 8:609

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yaseen HS, Asif M, Saadullah M, Asghar S, Shams MU, Bazmi RR, Saleem M, Yousaf HM, Yaseen M (2020) Methanolic extract of Ephedra ciliata promotes wound healing and arrests inflammatory cascade in vivo through downregulation of TNF-α. Inflammopharmacology 28:1691–1704

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yusuf A, Abdullahi M (2019) The phytochemical and pharmacological actions of Entada africana Guill. & Perr. Heliyon 5:e02332

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmermann-Klemd AM, Konradi V, Steinborn C, Ücker A, Falanga CM, Woelfle U, Huber R, Jürgenliemk G, Rajbhandari M, Gründemann C (2019) Influence of traditionally used Nepalese plants on wound healing and immunological properties using primary human cells in vitro. J Ethnopharmacol 235:415–423

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zou B, Zheng J, Deng W, Tan Y, Jie L, Qu Y, Yang Q, Ke M, Ding Z, Chen Y (2021) Kirenol inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and prevents ovariectomized-induced osteoporosis via suppressing the Ca2+-NFATc1 and Cav-1 signaling pathways. Phytomedicine 80:153377

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

There was no funding avaiable for this review article.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Rida Siddique, Malik Hassan Mehmood, Liaqat Hussain, Ayesha Sethi & Maryam Farrukh

  2. Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

    Abdul Malik

  3. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

    Shaneel Kousar

Authors
  1. Rida Siddique
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Malik Hassan Mehmood
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Liaqat Hussain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Abdul Malik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ayesha Sethi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Maryam Farrukh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Shaneel Kousar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Malik Hassan Mehmood.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

Authors declare no competing interest associated with this review.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Siddique, R., Mehmood, M.H., Hussain, L. et al. Role of medicinal herbs and phytochemicals in post burn management. Inflammopharmacol 31, 1695–1714 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-023-01246-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-023-01246-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation