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The effects of early spring stocking in an agricultural lake: a trophic cascade hypothesis

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Abstract

Lake Jošava (Croatia) is a shallow reservoir surrounded by agricultural land. In the present study, the trophic cascade was tested by examining the effects of stocking with common carp on plankton and periphytic microphytes. Before stocking, the phytoplankton community was dominated by the chrysophyte Synura uvella. In the epilithon and epiphyton, the predominant diatoms were prostrate, stalk-forming, and motile taxa representing an important food source for adult copepods. After stocking, phytoplankton biomass declined and the community shifted towards small centric diatoms, allowing the small-bodied zooplankton to exploit them. The lower biomass of adult copepods allowed rotifers to proliferate and exploit phytoplankton, while small cladocerans and nauplii fed primarily on epilithon. One month after stocking, phytoplankton was dominated by cryptophytes, small centric diatoms and chlorophytes, which were an important food for rotifers, while none of the zooplankton groups showed a significant relationship with the epilithic and epiphytic communities. By the end of the experiment, food was scarce due to reduced biomass of autotrophs, and zooplankton possibly began to feed on other sources. Our results add to the knowledge about the trophic cascade hypothesis in small shallow reservoirs.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology No. 310524. The funding had no influence on the study design, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data, the writing of the report, or the decision to submit the article for publication. The authors would like to acknowledge the contribution of Matej Šag for field assistance and Elena Jedvaj for laboratory work. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their careful reading and insightful comments and suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Ulica Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000, Osijek, Croatia

    Anita Galir Balkić, Dubravka Špoljarić Maronić, Tanja Žuna Pfeiffer, Nikolina Bek, Filip Stević & Rahela Nikolašević

  2. Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Ulica Cara Hadrijana 10, 31000, Osijek, Croatia

    Irella Bogut

  3. Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Ulica Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000, Osijek, Croatia

    Dorijan Radočaj

  4. VODOVOD-OSIJEK d.o.o., Poljski Put 1, 31000, Osijek, Croatia

    Antonija Kezerle

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  1. Anita Galir Balkić
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Contributions

Conceptualization: AGB, DŠM; Methodology: AGB, DŠM, TŽP, NB, FS, AK; Formal analysis and investigation: AGB, DŠM, TŽP, NB, FS, DR, AK; Writing—original draft preparation: AGB, DŠM, TŽP; Writing—review and editing: NB, FS, IB, RN, DR; Funding acquisition: DŠM.

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Correspondence to Dubravka Špoljarić Maronić.

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Galir Balkić, A., Špoljarić Maronić, D., Žuna Pfeiffer, T. et al. The effects of early spring stocking in an agricultural lake: a trophic cascade hypothesis. Hydrobiologia 851, 3061–3077 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-023-05308-1

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