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Eco-geographic distribution of Cicer isauricum P.H. Davis and threats to the species

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Abstract

Wild Cicer species are considered as useful genetic resources for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses due to limited resistance in cultivated chickpeas. As a wild perennial species in the genus Cicer L., Cicer isauricum P.H. Davis is an endemic species to Turkey and endangered status according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature criteria. Here we report on its eco-geographic distribution and environmental stresses that affect the species, and advocate for its in situ and ex situ conservation. A new population of the species was discovered in Geyikbayırı, Güllük Mountains in Antalya, Turkey. Cicer isauricum not only suffers from significant biotic stresses such as ascochyta blight [Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr.], pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hübner) and broomrape (Orobanche sp.), but is also subjected to drought and heat stress in its habitat. Infection with ascochyta blight in natural habitats was diagnosed by molecular techniques, and pod borer and broomrape were observed only phenotypically. PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer region of genomic DNA from cultured fungal isolates, yielded sequences with 100% nucleotide identity with the corresponding sequence in GeneBank for Didymella rabiei Kovachevski (anamorph: A. rabiei). The pathogen may have co-evolved with C. isauricum in the newly discovered site. Because C. isauricum is exposed to drought and accompanying heat stress in its natural habitat, it appears able to tolerate heat stress up to 45 °C during podding stage and terminal drought in late summer from its woody, deep rooting. C. isauricum bears multiple flowers per axil, a potentially useful trait in cultivated chickpea. In conclusion, C. isauricum is a potential genetic source for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, in need of greater protection due to its endangered status.

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Acknowledgements

Eco-geographic distribution of Cicer isauricum and its biotic stresses were generated from the first author’s Master Science thesis completed under the direction of the last author (CT). We thank Turkish State Meteorological Service for climatic data, Scientific Research Project Coordination Unit of Akdeniz University and the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK). RVP and EvW were supported by the US National Science Foundation Plant Genome Program NSF-PGRP 1339346 to Douglas Cook, RVP and EvW.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

    Mehmet Tekin, Duygu Sari & Cengiz Toker

  2. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

    Mursel Catal & Cengiz Ikten

  3. Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic

    Petr Smykal

  4. Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, USA

    R. Varma Penmetsa

  5. Department of Biological Sciences and International Center for Tropical Botany, Florida International University, Miami, USA

    Eric J. Von Wettberg

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  1. Mehmet Tekin
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  2. Duygu Sari
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  3. Mursel Catal
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  4. Cengiz Ikten
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  8. Cengiz Toker
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Correspondence to Cengiz Toker.

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The authors confirm that the manuscript has not been published before and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. We declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships. We have declared that no conflict of interests. We declare that expedition of C. isauricum and the current study comply with the current national and international laws.

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Tekin, M., Sari, D., Catal, M. et al. Eco-geographic distribution of Cicer isauricum P.H. Davis and threats to the species. Genet Resour Crop Evol 65, 67–77 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-017-0509-1

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