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How does molecular-assisted identification affect our estimation of α, β and γ biodiversity? An example from understory red seaweeds (Rhodophyta) of Laminaria kelp forests in Brittany, France

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Abstract

Using two distinct identification methods, one based on morphological characters only and the other combining morphological and molecular characters (integrative identification method), we investigated the differences in the biodiversity patterns of red seaweed communities associated with kelp forests at various spatial scales: the regional diversity of Brittany, France (γ-diversity), the local diversity at different Breton sites (α-diversity) and the differentiation in species diversity and abundances among those sites (β-diversity). To characterise α and β diversities, we conducted an initial survey in winter 2011 at 20 sites belonging to four different sub-regions, with specimens collected from six quadrats of 0.10 m2 at each site, three in the tidal zone dominated by Laminaria digitata and three in the zone dominated by Laminaria hyperborea. To further characterise the regional diversity, we carried out another survey combining several sampling methods (quadrats and visual census) in different seasons (winter, spring and summer) and different years (2011 and 2012). In all, we collected 1990 specimens that were assigned to 76 taxa with the identification method based on morphological characters and 139 taxa using the integrative method. For γ and α diversity, the use of molecular characters revealed several cases of cryptic diversity and both increased the number of identified taxa and improved their taxonomic resolution. However, the addition of molecular characters for specimen identification only slightly affected estimates of β-diversity.

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Acknowledgments

M.R. was funded by a PhD fellowship from the French government (Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche) and a post-doctoral fellowship from the Labex BCDiv ‘Diversités biologiques et culturelles: origines, évolution, interactions, devenir’ (MNHN, INEE [CNRS]). We are extremely grateful to the numerous people that helped us during sampling including those of the ‘Service Mer et Observation’ of the Station Biologique de Roscoff, the divers from the Dinard Marine Lab (MNHN) and the ‘Parc Naturel Marin d’Iroise’ as well as all the volunteers from the Station Biologique de Roscoff for low-tide field work. We warmly thank L. Couceiro, F. Lerck, A. Boisrobert, L. Jaugeon and V. Peña for their precious help in morphology-based identifications. The molecular data were mostly produced at the Service de Systématique Moléculaire of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (CNRS-UMS 2700) with funds provided by the ATM ‘Taxonomie moléculaire: DNA Barcode et gestion durable des collections’ and by an agreement with the ‘Parc Naturel Marin d’Iroise’ (CNRS-UPMC-PNMI, LS 64816). We thank S. Dalbarade-Morvan for helping us in producing the molecular data. Sequencing was performed by Genoscope through the projects entitled ‘Speed ID’ and ‘Bibliothèque du Vivant’. All contributors to the local library of sequences of the Phyco group at the Museum are sincerely thanked. We sincerely thank the two anonymous reviewers for their fruitful comments and the invited editors D. Joly and D. Faure for inviting us to contribute to this special issue.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205 CNRS, EPHE, MNHN, UPMC, Equipe Exploration, Espèces, Evolution, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Case Postale N° 39, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231, Cedex 05 Paris, France

    Marine Robuchon & Line Le Gall

  2. Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, UMI 3614 CNRS, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, PUCCh, UACH, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688, Roscoff, France

    Marine Robuchon & Myriam Valero

  3. Outils et Méthodes de la Systématique Intégrative, UMS 2700 MNHN, CNRS, Service de Systématique Moléculaire, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Case Postale N° 26, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231, Cedex 05 Paris, France

    Delphine Gey

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  1. Marine Robuchon
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Correspondence to Line Le Gall.

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10709_2014_9796_MOESM1_ESM.xlsx

Supplementary material 1 (XLSX 161 kb) Table S1 Collection and identification information for red seaweed specimens used in this study

10709_2014_9796_MOESM2_ESM.docx

Supplementary material 2 (DOCX 24 kb) Table S2 Results of the pairwise tests testing the differences in log-transformed species abundances of red seaweed communities (a) between communities understory of Laminaria digitata (Ld) and Laminaria hyperborea (Lh) within each sub-region (SMB: St Malo Bay, MoB: Morlaix Bay, IrS: Iroise Sea, SBr: Southern Brittany) and (b) among sub-regions for each kelp canopy species; t, the t-statistic; and P(perm), the probability calculated by permutations

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Robuchon, M., Valero, M., Gey, D. et al. How does molecular-assisted identification affect our estimation of α, β and γ biodiversity? An example from understory red seaweeds (Rhodophyta) of Laminaria kelp forests in Brittany, France. Genetica 143, 207–223 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-014-9796-z

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