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Assessing energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in Cretan vineyards for the development of a crop-specific decision support tool

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Abstract

Energy use analysis and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are among the most important aspects regarding the sustainability performance of a farming system. The aim of this study was to assess the environmental impact, in terms of energy consumption and GHG emissions in thirty vineyards located on Crete, Greece, and deliver a digital, decision support tool (DST). A simplified life cycle approach was used to collect data from the vineyards up to farm gate, located in the top wine-producing Cretan municipalities, regarding farming practices, inputs, and yield for a 2-year period. Sum energy and non-renewable energy intensity and efficiency were calculated. GHG emissions were estimated in terms of CO2 equivalents, following IPCC methodology, while the emissions intensity is also reported. Fossil fuels consumed by machinery for weed management, transportation, soil management, pest control, and synthetic fertilizers were the practices found to be accountable for the higher energy consumption. Synthetic fertilizers and fossil fuel consumption were the main sources of GHG emissions, followed by burning of the pruning residues. Omitting burning pruning residues, reducing tillage intensity, and replacing mechanical weed management are highlighted as the main practices that can improve the sustainability of viticulture on Crete. Making use of the collected data, a crop-specific DST, named “ECO2VINE”, for calculating a vineyard’s energy use and GHG emissions was developed, validated, and made publicly available.

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Acknowledgements

This work was partially funded by the project “Ecological VINEyards GOvernance Activities for Landscape's Strategies, ECOVINEGOALS” within the frame INTERREG V-B Adriatic-Ionian ADRION Cooperation Programme [2014-2020].

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh), 73100, Chania, Greece

    Sotirios Pilafidis & Ioannis Livieratos

  2. Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71004, Herakleion, Crete, Greece

    Eleftherios Kosmas

  3. Department of Olive and Horticultural Crops, ELGO—DIMITRA, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, 24100, Kalamata, Greece

    Vasileios D. Gkisakis

Authors
  1. Sotirios Pilafidis
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  2. Eleftherios Kosmas
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  3. Ioannis Livieratos
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  4. Vasileios D. Gkisakis
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by SP. The first draft of the manuscript was written by SP and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vasileios D. Gkisakis.

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Appendices

Appendix A

See Tables

Table 5 Location, size, number of parcels the total size is split into, yield, management system, planting density, and the varieties planted in the 30 vineyards under study
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5,

Table 6 Energy use in the vineyards under study for the two-year period examined, including sum energy (SE) and its intensity and efficiency, non-renewable energy (NRE) and its efficiency, and their means and standard error (S.E.)
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6,

Table 7 Emissions (CO2 eq ha-1) and emissions intensity of the vineyards under study for the two-year period examined, and their respective mean and standard error (S.E.)
Full size table

7.

Appendix Β

Structured questionnaire used for interviewing the farmers.

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Pilafidis, S., Kosmas, E., Livieratos, I. et al. Assessing energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in Cretan vineyards for the development of a crop-specific decision support tool. Environ Dev Sustain (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-03649-4

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