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Climate change effects on riverbank erosion Bait community flood-prone area of Punjab, Pakistan: an application of livelihood vulnerability index

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Abstract

Riverbank erosion incidence and consecutive flood disasters have increased because of extreme climatic dynamics in the current couple of decades. Farming community livelihood particularly inhabited in flood-prone area has become more vulnerable due to these consecutive riverbank erosion and disasters. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of climate change on livelihood vulnerability in riverbank erosion Bait community flood-prone area of Punjab, Pakistan. Livelihood vulnerability index approach is comprised of LVI-IPCC with major and subpotential components which were applied for empirical estimation of 240 Bait area respondents of the study area. Livelihood vulnerability index estimated value 0.47 indicated lower socioeconomic conditions caused widen gap among community networking in the study area. Climate vulnerability index estimated value -0.0176 illustrated as study district is higher vulnerable due to calculated values of sensitivity 0.44, exposure 0.50 while with lower adaptive capacity 0.46. Inhabited population in the study area is mostly vulnerable of climate change due to high value of ecological degradation 0.49 in outward appearance of deforestation and riverbank erosion. Bait communities of flood-prone area have limited and traditional adaptive capacities owing to future disasters, inadequate awareness, low level of education and higher poverty as such scenario exposes not capable of adapting environmental changes. These significant estimates of the study are earth-shattering to policy makers to scrutinize the root grounds of livelihood vulnerability and develop the agricultural adaptation for flood-prone rural population. In local scenario there is need to application of such feasible measures as enhancing off-farm income sources, construction of concrete banks and water reservoirs on rivers, developing overhead infrastructure and provision of awareness and training to upcoming hazards.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Dilshad Ahmad & Malika Kanwal

  2. Department of Economics, Preston University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Afzal

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  1. Dilshad Ahmad
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Ahmad, D., Kanwal, M. & Afzal, M. Climate change effects on riverbank erosion Bait community flood-prone area of Punjab, Pakistan: an application of livelihood vulnerability index. Environ Dev Sustain 25, 9387–9415 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02440-1

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