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Groundwater flow modeling and prognostics of Kandivalasa river sub-basin, Andhra Pradesh, India

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Abstract

The Kandivalasa river sub-basin (KRSB) of northern parts of Eastern Ghats of India is mainly underlain by the Khondalitic suit of rocks. A groundwater flow model for the KRSB with two conceptual layers is developed under steady as well as transient conditions using Visual MODFLOW for the period 2013–2016. Based on intense hydrogeophysical studies and borehole lithologs of the region, the top layer is considered as highly weathered layer (kaolinized layer) followed by the weathered and fractured layer as bottom layer. Lower hydraulic conductivities are assigned to kaolinized layer than fractured khondalitic layer since the kaolinized layer is less permeable than fractured khondalitic rocks. The results of groundwater flow model indicating that, under transient state conditions, the balance of groundwater is almost zero in every year for the present abstraction rate and the recharge conditions. According to the prediction scenario of the water levels in the study area for the next 20 years (2017–2036), if the rate of extraction increases 2% per year in the basin continued, there will be considerable dry cells developing from the year 2021 in the study area. The extent of dry cells has considerably increased by the year 2036. Hence, there has to be reduction in groundwater pumping where the dry cells are observed by using the surface water more wisely through revival of ponds and canal system and by application of micro-irrigation systems in the basin.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology, Government of India for sponsoring the research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Water Resources, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India

    Yellapu Siva Prasad & Bekkam Venkateswara Rao

  2. Earth Process Modeling Group, National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India

    Lagudu Surinaidu

  3. Deltaic Regional Centre, National Institute of Hydrology, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, 533003, India

    Yellapu Siva Prasad

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  1. Yellapu Siva Prasad
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  2. Bekkam Venkateswara Rao
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  3. Lagudu Surinaidu
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Correspondence to Yellapu Siva Prasad.

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Siva Prasad, Y., Venkateswara Rao, B. & Surinaidu, L. Groundwater flow modeling and prognostics of Kandivalasa river sub-basin, Andhra Pradesh, India. Environ Dev Sustain 23, 1823–1843 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00653-w

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