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Seasonal variability of anthropogenic indices of PAHs in sediment from the Kuala Selangor River, west coast Peninsular Malaysia

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Abstract

Rapid increase in industrialization and urbanization in the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia has led to the intense release of petroleum and products of petroleum into the environment. Surface sediment samples were collected from the Selangor River in the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia during four climatic seasons and analyzed for PAHs and biomarkers (hopanes). Sediments were soxhlet extracted and further purified and fractionated through first and second step column chromatography. A gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used for analysis of PAHs and hopanes fractions. The average concentrations of total PAHs ranged from 219.7 to 672.3 ng g−1 dw. The highest concentrations of PAHs were detected at 964.7 ng g−1 dw in station S5 in the mouth of the Selangor River during the wet inter-monsoonal season. Both pyrogenic and petrogenic PAHs were detected in the sediments with a predominance of the former. The composition of hopanes was homogeneous showing that petroleum hydrocarbons share an identical source in the study area. Diagnostic ratios of hopanes indicated that some of the sediment samples carry the crankcase oil signature.

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Acknowledgements

This study was a part of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Asian Core Project on Straits of Malacca funded by the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia, through Universiti Putra Malaysia (Project No. 6379005) and HICoE-MOHE Grant IOES-2014. We would like to thank them for supporting this research financially.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Forensics Laboratory, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Najat Masood, Normala Halimoon, Ahmad Zaharin Aris, Sami M. Magam & Sadeq Abdullah Abdo Alkhadher

  2. Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria, Vahab Vaezzadeh & Chui Wei Bong

  3. Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 4300, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Shuhaimi Mustafa

  4. School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Masni Mohd Ali

  5. Department of Earth Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

    Mehrzad Keshavarzifard

  6. Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Chui Wei Bong

  7. Department of Marine Chemistry and Pollution, Faculty of Marine Science and Environment, Hodeidah University, Hodeidah, Yemen

    Murad Ali Alsalahi

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  1. Najat Masood
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  2. Normala Halimoon
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  12. Murad Ali Alsalahi
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Correspondence to Normala Halimoon.

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Masood, N., Halimoon, N., Aris, A.Z. et al. Seasonal variability of anthropogenic indices of PAHs in sediment from the Kuala Selangor River, west coast Peninsular Malaysia. Environ Geochem Health 40, 2551–2572 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-018-0122-z

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