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Bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to short-neck clam (Paphia undulata) from sediment matrices in mudflat ecosystem of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia

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Abstract

The bioaccumulation and bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were characterized in sediment and Paphia undulata (short-neck clam) from six mudflat areas in the west coasts of Peninsular Malaysia. The concentrations of total PAHs varied from 357.1 to 6257.1 and 179.9 ± 7.6 to 1657.5 ± 53.9 ng g −1 dry weight in sediment and short-neck clam samples, respectively. PAHs can be classified as moderate to very high level of pollution in sediments and moderate to high level of pollution in short-neck clams. The diagnostic ratios of individual PAHs and principal component analysis indicate both petrogenic and pyrogenic sources with significant dominance of pyrogenic source. The first PAHs biota-sediment accumulation factors and relative biota-sediment accumulation factors data for short-neck clam were obtained in this study, indicating a preferential accumulation of lower molecular weight PAHs. Evaluation of PAH levels in sediments and short-neck clams indicates that short-neck clam could be introduced as a good biomonitor in mudflats. The results also demonstrated that under environmental conditions, the sedimentary load of hydrocarbons appears to be one of the factors controlling their bioavailability to biota.

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Acknowledgments

The research was funded by Inisiatif Putra Berkumpulan Grant (IPB) through Universiti Putra Malaysia (Grant No. 9412401). The authors are very grateful to the chief editor and the reviewers of this article for their valuable contribution.

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  1. Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria

    Present address: Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Environmental Studies, Environmental Forensics Research Center (ENFORCE), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mehrzad Keshavarzifard & Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria

  2. School of Biological Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Tan Shau Hwai

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  1. Mehrzad Keshavarzifard
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Correspondence to Mehrzad Keshavarzifard.

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Keshavarzifard, M., Zakaria, M.P. & Hwai, T.S. Bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to short-neck clam (Paphia undulata) from sediment matrices in mudflat ecosystem of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Environ Geochem Health 39, 591–610 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-016-9835-z

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