Abstract
17β-estradiol (17β-E2) has been implicated in inhibiting the senescence of vascular endothelial cells (VEC) and slowing down the process of atherosclerosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, we examined the roles of SIRT3 in 17β-E2-induced autophagy and 17β-E2-mediated inhibition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced senescence in Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Cellular senescence was measured by immunoblot analysis with antibodies against phosphorylated Rb and senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining. Immunoblot analysis with antibodies against LC3 and p62 was performed to determine autophagy flux. Our findings show that 17β-E2 activates SIRT3 promoter and upregulates SIRT3 gene expression in HUVEC cells. siRNA-mediated silencing of SIRT3 gene expression inhibits 17β-E2-induced processing of LC3-I to LC3-II and degradation of p62, two widely-used makers of autophagy. SIRT3 knockdown also blocks 17β-E2-induced inhibition of cellular senescence triggered by H2O2. Our data further reveal that SIRT3 knockdown impairs 17β-E2-induced co-localization of LC3 and VDAC1, a marker protein on mitochondria, when HUVEC cells were co-treated with H2O2. Together, our findings suggest that 17β-E2 upregulates SIRT3 gene expression by activating SIRT3 promoter and then promotes autophagy, which in turn serves to remove dysfunctional mitochondria caused by H2O2 and consequently inhibit H2O2-induced senescence in HUVEC cells.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Araya J et al (2019) PRKN-regulated mitophagy and cellular senescence during. COPD pathogenesis Autophagy 15:510–526. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2018.1532259
Boya P, Reggiori F, Codogno P (2013) Emerging regulation and functions of autophagy. Nat Cell Biol 15:713–720. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb2788
Dimri GP et al (1995) A biomarker that identifies senescent human cells in culture and in aging skin in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:9363–9367. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.92.20.9363
Giordano S, Hage FG, Xing D, Chen YF, Allon S, Chen C, Oparil S (2015) Estrogen and cardiovascular disease: is timing everything? Am J Med Sci 350:27–35. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAJ.0000000000000512
Han X et al (2016) AMPK activation protects cells from oxidative stress-induced senescence via autophagic flux restoration and intracellular NAD(+). elevation Aging Cell 15:416–427. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12446
Hirschey MD et al (2010) SIRT3 regulates mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation by reversible enzyme. deacetylation Nature 464:121–125. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08778
Ichimura Y, Kominami E, Tanaka K, Komatsu M (2008) Selective turnover of p62/A170/SQSTM1 by autophagy. Autophagy 4:1063–1066. https://doi.org/10.4161/auto.6826
Isles CG, Hole DJ, Hawthorne VM, Lever AF (1992) Relation between coronary risk and coronary mortality in women of the Renfrew and Paisley survey: comparison. with men Lancet 339:702–706. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(92)90599-x
Ito S et al (2015) PARK2-mediated mitophagy is involved in regulation of HBEC senescence in. COPD pathogenesis Autophagy 11:547–559. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2015.1017190
Kabeya Y et al (2000) LC3, a mammalian homologue of yeast Apg8p, is localized in autophagosome membranes after processing. EMBO J 19:5720–5728. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/19.21.5720
Kincaid B, Bossy-Wetzel E (2013) Forever young: SIRT3 a shield against mitochondrial meltdown, aging, and neurodegeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 5:48. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2013.00048
Klionsky DJ, Codogno P (2013) The mechanism and physiological function of macroautophagy. J Innate Immun 5:427–433. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000351979
Koizumi M, Tatebe J, Watanabe I, Yamazaki J, Ikeda T, Morita T (2014) Aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediates indoxyl sulfate-induced cellular senescence in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Atheroscler Thromb 21:904–916. doi:https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.23663
Li C, Xie N, Li Y, Liu C, Hou FF, Wang J (2019a) N-acetylcysteine ameliorates cisplatin-induced renal senescence and renal interstitial fibrosis through sirtuin1 activation and p53 deacetylation Free. Radic Biol Med 130:512–527. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.11.006
Li Y, Sun T, Shen S, Wang L, Yan J (2019b) LncRNA DYNLRB2-2 inhibits THP-1 macrophage foam cell formation by. enhancing autophagy Biol Chem. doi:https://doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2018-0461
Liu JJ, Pan SY (2016) Protective effects of estrogen combined with sevoflurane in an experimental model of cerebral infarction and focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 20:1839–1844
Liu P et al (2018) Sirtuin 3-induced macrophage autophagy in regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation Biochim Biophys. Acta Mol Basis Dis 1864:764–777. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.12.027
Mattson MP (2008) Hormesis defined Ageing Res Rev 7:1–7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2007.08.007
Meng Y et al (2019) Autophagy attenuates angiotensin II-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting Redox imbalance-mediated NOD-like receptor family Pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome activation. Antioxid Redox Signal 30:520–541. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2017.7261
North BJ, Sinclair DA (2012) The intersection between aging and cardiovascular disease. Circ Res 110:1097–1108. doi:https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.246876
Ouyang J, Zeng Z, Fang H, Li F, Zhang X, Tan W (2019) SIRT3 inactivation promotes acute kidney injury through elevated acetylation of SOD2 and p53. J Surg Res 233:221–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2018.07.019
Panza S et al (2017) Estradiol via estrogen receptor beta influences ROS levels through the transcriptional regulation of SIRT3 in human seminoma TCam-2. cells Tumour Biol 39:1010428317701642. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1010428317701642
Peng Y et al (2019) Sirt3 suppresses calcium oxalate-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury via modification of FoxO3a-mediated autophagy. Cell Death Dis 10:34. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-018-1169-6
Ruan Y, Wu S, Zhang L, Chen G, Lai W (2014) Retarding the senescence of human vascular endothelial cells induced by hydrogen peroxide: effects of 17beta-estradiol (E2) mediated. mitochondria protection Biogerontology 15:367–375. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-014-9507-2
Satterstrom FK, Haigis MC (2014) Luciferase-based reporter to monitor the transcriptional activity of the SIRT3. promoter Methods Enzymol 543:141–163. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801329-8.00007-6
Song S et al (2018) 17beta-estradiol inhibits human umbilical vascular endothelial cell senescence by regulating autophagy via p53. Exp Gerontol 114:57–66. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2018.10.021
Stein GH, Beeson M, Gordon L (1990) Failure to phosphorylate the retinoblastoma gene product in senescent. human fibroblasts Science 249:666–669. doi:https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2166342
van Deursen JM (2014) The role of senescent cells. in ageing Nature 509:439–446. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13193
Victorelli S, Passos JF (2019) Reactive oxygen species detection in senescent cells. Methods Mol Biol 1896:21–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8931-7_3
Wang JC, Bennett M (2012) Aging and atherosclerosis: mechanisms, functional consequences, and potential therapeutics for cellular senescence. Circ Res 111:245–259. doi:https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.261388
Wu J et al (2019) Emerging role of SIRT3 in mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. Free Radic Res 53:139–149. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10715762.2018.1549732
Yoshida Y, Shimizu I, Katsuumi G, Jiao S, Suda M, Hayashi Y, Minamino T (2015) p53-Induced inflammation exacerbates cardiac dysfunction during pressure overload. J Mol Cell Cardiol 85:183–198. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.06.001
Zhang T, Liu J, Shen S, Tong Q, Ma X, Lin L (2020) SIRT3 promotes lipophagy and chaperon-mediated autophagy to protect hepatocytes against lipotoxicity. Cell Death Differ 27:329–344. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41418-019-0356-z
Ziegler DV, Wiley CD, Velarde MC (2015) Mitochondrial effectors of cellular senescence: beyond the free radical theory of. aging Aging Cell 14:1–7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12287
Acknowledgements
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81771507) and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2016A030313755).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
XX and JH planned, performed and analyzed experiments. SS and YW generated SIRT3 Luciferase-based reporter and performed luciferae analyses. YZ planned and performed senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining analysis. SW and YR conceived the study and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xiang, X., Huang, J., Song, S. et al. 17β-estradiol inhibits H2O2-induced senescence in HUVEC cells through upregulating SIRT3 expression and promoting autophagy. Biogerontology 21, 549–557 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-020-09868-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-020-09868-w