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Adoption of new technologies by smallholder farmers: the contributions of extension, research institutes, cooperatives, and access to cash for improving tef production in Ethiopia

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Abstract

Agricultural intensification and extensification are standard responses to ecological and economic vulnerability among smallholder communities. Climate change has exacerbated this vulnerability and thrown the complexity of and critical need for managing a healthy natural resource base while increasing on-farm productivity into sharp light. Sustainable intensification is one of many mechanisms for accomplishing this balancing act. This study examines the adoption of sustainable intensification practices, namely input packages focused on tef row planting—designed to boost yield and promote more efficient use of inputs. This study utilized a mix methods approach to survey 115 smallholder farmers in the South Wollo zone of the Amhara region in Ethiopia. This study found that cash and capital, more so than contact with the AIS, influenced farmers’ decisions to adopt row planting input packages. Khat production was an important source of cash for inputs and was more likely to be available to farmers with irrigation schemes. Long-term, farmers who cultivate khat may not successfully engage in SI, as khat replaces traditional food crop production in the region. Yet, for farmers who do not grow khat, long-term investment in SI practices is unlikely unless access to affordable credit options is improved.

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Abbreviations

ADLI:

Agricultural development-led industrialization

AIS:

Agricultural innovation system

ATA:

Ethiopian agricultural transformation agency

DOI:

Diffusion of innovation theory

ETB:

Ethiopian birr

FTCs:

Farmer training centers

NAEIP:

National Agricultural Extension Intervention Program

PADETES:

Participatory Demonstration and Training Extension System

SI:

Sustainable intensification

TLUs:

Total livestock units

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank three anonymous reviewers who provided invaluable feedback on the structure and content of this manuscript. The authors would also like to recognize the support of their home departments. Finally, considerable thanks goes to the communities that made this research possible and the field agents who worked tirelessly to organize research activities.

Funding

Funding was provided by Center for Global Food Security (Grant No. 8000059560).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Sociology & Anthropology, University of Mississippi, Lamar 543, University, MS, 38677, USA

    Anne M. Cafer

  2. Department of Rural Sociology, University of Missouri, 102 Gwynn Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA

    J. Sanford Rikoon

  3. College of Human Environmental Sciences, University of Missouri, 102 Gwynn Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA

    J. Sanford Rikoon

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Cafer, A.M., Rikoon, J.S. Adoption of new technologies by smallholder farmers: the contributions of extension, research institutes, cooperatives, and access to cash for improving tef production in Ethiopia. Agric Hum Values 35, 685–699 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-018-9865-5

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