Abstract
Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis Carr.) is an important ecological and timber coniferous species endemic to China. In northern China, there are vast areas of plantations and natural forests of Chinese pine, but it is unclear the genetic diversity, genetic structure, and germplasm sources of artificial populations, as well as the genetic relationship between them. Here, using nine nuclear simple sequence repeats markers, we analyzed 1310 individuals representing 38 populations of main natural and artificial populations in northern China (Shanxi, Hebei, and Liaoning provinces). The results suggested that the population from “Taiyueshan” was the core of the natural populations of Shanxi Province. We found that there were geographical effects among Chinese pine populations, and there was a relatively stronger gene flow among Chinese pine populations with close distances (between natural and artificial populations). We confirmed that most of the germplasm of the plantation populations of Hebei and Liaoning probably came from the Shanxi natural populations, and the new adaptive variations and the strong gene flow “driving force” from local natural populations had brought the opportunity for Shanxi germplasm to invade Hebei and Liaoning provinces successfully. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the scientific allocation, management, and utilization of Chinese pine germplasm resources and promote the efficient cultivation of artificial populations.
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Funding
This work was supported by “the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (NO. 2015ZCQ-SW-02)” and the “Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province (21326351D)”.
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Biao Zhou collected all the samples, carried out the whole experiment, analyzed all the data and completed the writing of the article. Zijie Zhang, Yupeng Li, Yanguang Ma, and Shubin Zhang helped with sample collection. Yue Li designed and advised the research. Shihui Niu advised the research and revised the manuscript.
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Zhou, B., Zhang, Z., Li, Y. et al. Genetic diversity, genetic structure, and germplasm source of Chinese pine in North China. Eur J Forest Res 142, 183–195 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-022-01518-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-022-01518-9