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Physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties of nano-calcium silicate-based cements: a systematic review

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Abstract

This systematic review evaluated the effects of nano-sized cement particles on the properties of calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs). Using defined keywords, a literature search was conducted to identify studies that investigated properties of nano-calcium silicate-based cements (NCSCs). A total of 17 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results indicated that NCSC formulations have favourable physical (setting time, pH and solubility), mechanical (push out bond strength, compressive strength and indentation hardness) and biological (bone regeneration and foreign body reaction) properties compared with commonly used CSCs. However, the characterization and verification for the nano-particle size of NCSCs were deficient in some studies. Furthermore, the nanosizing was not limited to the cement particles and a number of additives were present. In conclusion, the evidence available for the properties of CSC particles in the nano-range is deficient—such properties could be a result of additives which may have enhanced the properties of the material.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available in tables 1-3 in addition to the supplementary material available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-023-00786-0.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS), grant no. FP047-2018A, Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, and Research University (RU) grant no. RF003E-2018, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Rabia Majeed, Hoda Mohamed Elnawawy, Muralithran Govindan Kutty, Noor Azlin Yahya, Noor Hayati Azami & Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed

  2. Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim

  3. Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

    Mohamed Shady Nabhan

  4. Department of Oral Sciences, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand

    Paul Roy Cooper

  5. School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

    Josette Camilleri

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Majeed, R., Elnawawy, H.M., Kutty, M.G. et al. Physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties of nano-calcium silicate-based cements: a systematic review. Odontology 111, 759–776 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-023-00786-0

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