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Root canal disinfection and maintenance of the remnant tooth tissues by using grape seed and cranberry extracts

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to perform an integrative review on the effects of cranberry and grape seed extracts concerning the disinfection of root canals maintaining the strength of the remnant tooth tissues’ structure. A bibliographical search was carried out on the PubMed electronic platform using the following key terms: cranberry, grape seed, vaccinium macrocarpon, proanthocyanidin, antibacterial, antimicrobial, decontamination, disinfection, bacteria removal, bacteria eradication, bacteria elimination, endodontic, root canal, faecalis, and strength. The inclusion criteria involved articles published in the English language, until March, 2022, reporting the antibacterial effect of grape seed and cranberry extracts. Of 185 studies identified, 13 studies were selected for the present review. The grape seed extract (GSE), composed of proanthocyanidins, showed an antioxidant activity against the main bacteria found in endodontic secondary infection. The percentage of bacteria removal was recorded at around 96.97% by using GSE. Studies on cranberry extracts, which are composed of proanthocyanidins, revealed antimicrobial effects against bacteria related to periodontitis and dental caries. Additionally, GSE or cranberry allowed the dentin collagen cross-linking that preserved the 3D collagen network leading to the maintenance of the strength of the remnant tooth structure. However, the contaminated smear layer could not be removed by using only GSE or cranberry. Cranberry extracts and GSE revealed a significant antimicrobial activity in endodontic disinfection without changing the mechanical properties of the remnant dentin tissues. Furthermore, those components can be associated with traditional compounds to enhance their antimicrobial effects and eliminate the smear layer.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by FCT-Portugal [UID/EEA/04436/2013, SFRH/BPD/123769/ 2016, and Project LaserMULTICER [POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031035].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra PRD, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal

    Alexane Febvey & Júlio C. M. Souza

  2. Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal

    Filipe Silva, Bruno Henriques & Júlio C. M. Souza

  3. LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal

    Filipe Silva & Júlio C. M. Souza

  4. Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil

    Bruno Henriques

  5. Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland

    Mutlu Özcan

  6. Department of Oral Health Sciences, University Hospitals, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium

    Wim Teughels

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  1. Alexane Febvey
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  6. Júlio C. M. Souza
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Correspondence to Júlio C. M. Souza.

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Febvey, A., Silva, F., Henriques, B. et al. Root canal disinfection and maintenance of the remnant tooth tissues by using grape seed and cranberry extracts. Odontology 111, 541–553 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-022-00766-w

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