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Simultaneous electrical online estimation of changes in blood hematocrit and temperature in cardiopulmonary bypass

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  • Cardiopulmonary Bypass
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Abstract

Two equations have been developed from multi-frequency measurements of blood impedance Zb for a simultaneous electrical online estimation of changes in blood hematocrit ΔH [%] and temperatures ΔT [K] in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Zb of fixed blood volumes at varying H and T were measured by an impedance analyzer and changes in blood conductivity σb and relative permittivity εb computed. Correlation analysis were based on changes in σb with H or T at f = 1 MHz while H and T equations were developed by correlating changes in εb with H and T at dual frequencies of f = 1 MHz and f = 10 MHz which best capture blood plasma Zp and red blood cell cytoplasm Zcyt impedances respectively. Results show high correlations between σb and H (R2 = 0.987) or σb and T (R2 = 0.9959) indicating dependence of the electrical parameters of blood on its H and T. Based on computed εb, changes in blood hematocrit ΔH and temperature ΔT at a given time t are estimated as ΔH(t) = 1.7298Δεb (f = 1 MHz) – 1.0669Δεb (f = 10 MHz) and ΔT(t) = -2.186Δεb (f = 1 MHz) + 2.13Δεb (f = 10 MHz). When applied to a CPB during a canine mitral valve plasty, ΔH and ΔT had correlations of R2 = 0.9992 and R2 = 0.966 against H and T respectively as measured by conventional devices.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for the technical support from Ryubu Shoji and the staff of the animal hospital during the experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan

    Martin Wekesa Sifuna, Daisuke Kawashima, Yusuke Nakajima & Masahiro Takei

  2. VCA Japan Shiraishi Animal Hospital, 4 Chome-33-2, Saitama, Sayamadai, Sayama, 350-1304, Japan

    Katsuhiro Matsuura

  3. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3Chome-8-1, Harumicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8538, Japan

    Katsuhiro Matsuura

  4. Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 6-6 Asahigaoka, Hino-shi, Tokyo, 191-0065, Japan

    Hiromichi Obara

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  1. Martin Wekesa Sifuna
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  2. Daisuke Kawashima
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  3. Katsuhiro Matsuura
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  4. Hiromichi Obara
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  5. Yusuke Nakajima
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  6. Masahiro Takei
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Contributions

MWS and YN ran experiments. MWS drafted and revised the manuscript. DK revised the manuscript. KM did the surgery and revised the manuscript. HO and MT revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Daisuke Kawashima or Masahiro Takei.

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Sifuna, M.W., Kawashima, D., Matsuura, K. et al. Simultaneous electrical online estimation of changes in blood hematocrit and temperature in cardiopulmonary bypass. J Artif Organs 25, 305–313 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10047-022-01320-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10047-022-01320-9

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