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Effects of Bark Beetle Disturbance on Soil Nutrient Retention and Lake Chemistry in Glacial Catchment

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Abstract

Forest ecosystems worldwide are subjected to human-induced stressors, including eutrophication and acidification, and to natural disturbances (for example, insect infestation, windstorms, fires). The occurrence of the later is expected to increase due to the ongoing climate change. These multi-stressor forcings modify ecosystem biogeochemistry, including the retention of limiting nutrients, with implications for terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity. Here we present whole ecosystem nutrient (N, Ca, Mg, K) mass balances in the forested catchment of Plešné Lake, CZ, which has undergone transient changes linked to the recovery from anthropogenic acidification and to the forest disturbances caused by severe infestations by the bark beetle (Ips typographus). Measured fluxes and storage of nutrients in the lake-catchment ecosystem were used to constrain the process-oriented biogeochemical model MAGIC (Model of Acidification of Groundwater In Catchments). Simulated lake water chemistry and changes in soil nutrient pools fitted observed data and revealed that (1) the ecosystem N retention declined, thus nitrate leaching increased for 10 years following the bark beetle disturbance, with transient adverse effects on the acid–base status of lake water, (2) the kinetics of nutrient mineralisation from decaying biomass coupled with nutrient immobilisation in regrowing vegetation constrained the magnitude and duration of ecosystem losses of N, Ca and Mg, (3) the excess of mineralised base cations from decomposing biomass replenished the soil cation exchange matrix, which led to increased soil base saturation, and (4) the improvement of the catchment soil acid–base status led to an increase of lake water pH and acid neutralising capacity. Forested ecosystems underlain by nutrient-poor soils and bedrock are prone to human-induced damages caused by acidification and eutrophication, and any natural disturbance may further lead to nutrient imbalances. We demonstrated that in this natural forest ecosystem protected from human intervention, disturbances together with natural post-disturbance vegetation recovery have temporally positive effects on the nutrient stores in the soil.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the authorities of the Šumava National Park for their administrative support. This study was supported by (1) the Czech Science Foundation (Project No. P504-17-15229S), data on soil, water and litter chemistry and No. P504-18-17295S, data on model parametrisation; (2) the Research Council of Norway for the Project 244558/E50 “Lakes in Transition” led by NIVA; (3) and by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic—MEYS (Projects LM2015075, EF16_013/0001782) and the National Sustainability Program I (NPU I), Grant Number LO1415.

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Author notes

  1. Filip Oulehle, Miroslav Svoboda, Jiří Kopáček and Richard F. Wright designed study and wrote the paper. Filip Oulehle analysed data and parametrized models. Jiří Kopáček, Jiří Kaňa, Radek Bače and Karel Matějka analysed data, Raoul-Marie Couture and Jakub Hruška analysed data and substantially contributed to new model development.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic

    Filip Oulehle & Jakub Hruška

  2. Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 11821, Prague, Czech Republic

    Filip Oulehle & Jakub Hruška

  3. Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway

    Richard F. Wright & Raoul-Marie Couture

  4. Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 16521, Prague, Czech Republic

    Miroslav Svoboda & Radek Bače

  5. IDS, Na Komořsku 2175/2a, 14300, Prague, Czech Republic

    Karel Matějka

  6. Biology Centre CAS, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic

    Jiří Kaňa & Jiří Kopáček

  7. Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V0A6, Canada

    Raoul-Marie Couture

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Correspondence to Filip Oulehle.

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Oulehle, F., Wright, R.F., Svoboda, M. et al. Effects of Bark Beetle Disturbance on Soil Nutrient Retention and Lake Chemistry in Glacial Catchment. Ecosystems 22, 725–741 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-018-0298-1

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