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Clinical endodontic procedures modulate periapical cytokine and chemokine gene expressions

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Abstract

Objectives

To identify the gene expression of the cytokines IL-9, TNF-α, IL-1, INF-γ, IL-17A, and IL-10 and the chemokines CCL-2/MCP-1 and CCR-6 in the periapical fluid of human root canal infections.

Materials and methods

Twenty samples were collected immediately and 7 days after the cleaning and shaping procedures (after reducing the intracanal microbial load) in an attempt to characterize the expression of these genes. The endogenous expression levels of cytokines and chemokines were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The Shapiro-Wilk and the Wilcoxon tests analyzed data.

Results

Significantly higher levels of the IL-9, INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-10 markers on day 7 were observed compared with day 0 (p < 0.05). However, IL-17A and the chemokines CCL-2/MCP-1 and CCR-6 did not show a significant difference in mRNA expression when comparing both timepoints (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

The clinical variation of the periapical immune status after endodontic therapy suggests that the cytokine and chemokine-mediated pro-inflammatory response appears to be modulated in an IL-10/IL-9-dependent manner.

Clinical relevance

Few studies have investigated the role of Th9 cells in periapical lesions. IL-9 presents exciting plasticity, performing immunosuppressive actions, and it is also capable of changing their phenotype in the presence of IL-17. Hence, it is relevant to investigate its role in the context of the known mediators involved the periapical immune process.

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Acknowledgments

The authors also wish to thank the post-graduate program at the School of Dentistry of UFMG. LQV and APRS are CNPq fellows.

Funding

The work was supported by the Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Lucas Moreira Maia, Marcela Carvalho Espaladori, Julia Maria Braga Diniz, Warley Luciano Faria Tavares & Antônio Paulino Ribeiro Sobrinho

  2. Faculty of Dentistry, University of Itaúna, Itaúna, MG, Brazil

    Luciana Carla Neves de Brito

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Leda Quércia Vieira

Authors
  1. Lucas Moreira Maia
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  2. Marcela Carvalho Espaladori
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  3. Julia Maria Braga Diniz
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  4. Warley Luciano Faria Tavares
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  5. Luciana Carla Neves de Brito
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  6. Leda Quércia Vieira
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  7. Antônio Paulino Ribeiro Sobrinho
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Correspondence to Antônio Paulino Ribeiro Sobrinho.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee (The Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Minas Gerais - CAAE: 56942016.2.0000.5149) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Maia, L.M., Espaladori, M.C., Diniz, J.M.B. et al. Clinical endodontic procedures modulate periapical cytokine and chemokine gene expressions. Clin Oral Invest 24, 3691–3697 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03247-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03247-y

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