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IL-9: Basic Biology, Signaling Pathways in CD4+ T Cells and Implications for Autoimmunity

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Abstract

CD4+ T cell subsets play an important role in the adaptive immune response in human autoimmune diseases and in animal models of autoimmunity. In recent years, our knowledge of CD4+ T cell differentiation has increased significantly, and new subsets continue to be recognized. Of significant importance is the recent discovery of Th9 cells, the CD4 + T cell subset that produces Interleukin-9. IL-9 has largely been regarded as a Th2 cytokine; however, it is now known that under specific conditions, Tregs, Th1, Th17 and the Th9 subset of T cells also produce IL-9. The STAT family of proteins plays a major role in the signaling pathways of these CD4+T subsets. Biological actions of IL-9 and the STATs signaling pathways in autoimmune diseases are continuing to be clarified. Investigation of IL-9-producing CD4+T cells, and elucidation of the mechanisms of IL-9-induced STATs signaling, in concert with other transcription factors, will provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health. We thank Katherine Regan for editorial assistance.

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  1. Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Hongmei Li & Abdolmohamad Rostami

  2. Department of Neurology, JHN 200, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Suite 200, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA

    Abdolmohamad Rostami

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  1. Hongmei Li
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Correspondence to Abdolmohamad Rostami.

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Li, H., Rostami, A. IL-9: Basic Biology, Signaling Pathways in CD4+ T Cells and Implications for Autoimmunity. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 5, 198–209 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-009-9186-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-009-9186-y

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