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Prediabetes and diabetes prevalence in the Workers’ Oral Health Study

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Abstract

Objective

To examine the association between periodontitis, diabetes, and prediabetes, assessed by fasting plasma glucose (FPG).

Materials and methods

Workers’ Oral Health Study is a cross-sectional survey conducted on a representative sample of the Spanish employed population including 5154 participants (59.5% men, aged 16–65). Examination of periodontal status assessed Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and clinical attachment levels (CAL). Biochemical determinations included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglycerides, and total cholesterol. Logistic regression analysis with adjustment for potential confounders was used to evaluate the association between periodontitis and abnormal glucose regulation.

Results

Ninety-five participants (2.2%) of the study population had diabetes, while 373 (8.8%) presented prediabetes. Prediabetes was not associated with CPI or CAL in fully adjusted multivariate logistic regressions models. Diabetes was significantly associated with subjects having a CPI 4 after adjustment for potential confounders (odds ratio OR = 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–3.1). This association was stronger in subjects < 45 years (OR = 4.0, 95% CI 1.2–12.7).

Conclusion

Periodontitis was associated with diabetes mellitus, but not with prediabetes, in a representative sample of the Spanish employed population. The association was stronger for younger subjects, which emphasizes the need for early detection of diabetes in younger patients affected by periodontitis, particularly because periodontal therapy may help to improve glycemic control.

Clinical relevance

Periodontitis is associated with diabetes mellitus, having at the same time a negative effect on glycemic control. It is important to develop proper early diagnosis strategies for both conditions, particularly in young male adults.

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Funding

This study was supported by Cualtis, previously named Sociedad de Prevención de Ibermutuamur, a company that focuses specifically on preventing diseases and accidents, by monitoring and promoting workers’ health. The authors were fully independent in preparing the protocol, conducting the research, interpreting the results and preparing the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n (Ciudad Universitaria), 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Eduardo Montero, Miguel Carasol, Mariano Sanz & David Herrera

  2. Ibermutuamur, Madrid, Spain

    Ana Fernández-Meseguer & Eva Calvo-Bonacho

  3. Cualtis, Madrid, Spain

    María Teresa García-Margallo

Authors
  1. Eduardo Montero
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  2. Miguel Carasol
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  3. Ana Fernández-Meseguer
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  4. Eva Calvo-Bonacho
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  5. María Teresa García-Margallo
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  6. Mariano Sanz
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  7. David Herrera
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Correspondence to Eduardo Montero.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Montero, E., Carasol, M., Fernández-Meseguer, A. et al. Prediabetes and diabetes prevalence in the Workers’ Oral Health Study. Clin Oral Invest 23, 4233–4241 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-02875-3

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