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An amino-functionalized mesoporous silica (KIT-6) as a sorbent for dispersive and ultrasonication-assisted micro solid phase extraction of hippuric acid and methylhippuric acid, two biomarkers for toluene and xylene exposure

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Abstract

The authors described a new application of amino-functionalized KIT-6 for dispersive ultrasonication-assisted micro solid phase extraction of hippuric acid (HA) and methyl hippuric acid (MHA) from human urine and water samples. In the first step, an amino-functionalized mesoporous silica of type KIT-6 was synthesized. It was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis, thermogravimetry and X-ray diffraction. Following sorption and desorption with 1.0 mL methanol/NH4OH (1%; v/v), HA and MHA were quantified by HPLC with UV detection. Various important parameters were optimized by Box-Behnken design. Under optimized conditions, The limit of detections (LOD) were calculated by a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, which were 0.5 μg L−1 and 0.2 μg L-1 for HA and MHA, respectively, and the calibration plot is linear in the 1–1000 μg L−1 concentration range. Only small matrix effects were found. The method was successfully implemented for the sensitive determination of HA and MHA in (spiked) human urine samples.

Schematic of a sorbent for dispersive micro solid phase extraction coupled with ultrasonic power. It consists of amino functionalized KIT-6 and was used for the simultaneous preconcentration and determination of low levels of hippuric and methyl hippuric acid in urine and water samples.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge Iranian National Science Foundation (INSF).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering, Shohadaye Hoveizeh University of Technology, Dasht-e Azadegan, Susangerd, Iran

    Mohammad Behbahani

  2. Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran

    Saman Bagheri & Mostafa Mohammadpour Amini

  3. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Fariborz Omidi

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  1. Mohammad Behbahani
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  2. Saman Bagheri
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  4. Mostafa Mohammadpour Amini
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Correspondence to Mohammad Behbahani.

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Behbahani, M., Bagheri, S., Omidi, F. et al. An amino-functionalized mesoporous silica (KIT-6) as a sorbent for dispersive and ultrasonication-assisted micro solid phase extraction of hippuric acid and methylhippuric acid, two biomarkers for toluene and xylene exposure. Microchim Acta 185, 505 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-018-3038-5

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