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Non-enzymatic electrochemical immunoassay using noble metal nanoparticles: a review

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Abstract

Electrochemical immunodetection has attracted considerable attention due to its high sensitivity, low cost and simplicity. Large efforts have recently made in order to design ultrasensitive assays. Noble metal nanoparticles (NM-NPs) offer advantages such as high conductivity and large surface-to-volume ratio. NM-NPs therefore are excellent candidates for developing electrochemical platforms for immunodetection and as signal tags. The use of biofunctionalized NM-NPs often results in amplified recognition via stronger loading of signal tags, and also in enhanced signal. This review (with 87 references) gives an overview on the current state in the use of NM-NPs in Non-enzymatic electrochemical immunosensing. We discuss the application of NM-NPs as electrode matrices and as electroactive labels (either as a carrier or as electrocatalytic labels), and compare the materials (mainly nanoparticles of gold, platinum, or of bimetallic materials) in terms of performance (for example by increasing sensitivity via label amplification or via high densities of capture molecules). A conclusion covers current challenges and gives an outlook. Rather than being exhaustive, the review focuses on representative examples that illustrate novel concepts and promising applications. NM-NPs based immunosensing opens a series of concepts for basic research and offers new tools for determination of trace amounts of protein-related analytes in environment and clinical applications.

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Acknowledgements

Support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 41176079 & 21475025), the National Science Foundation of Fujian Province (grant no. 2014 J07001), and the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (grant no. IRT1116) is gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, People’s Republic of China

    Juan Tang

  2. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, People’s Republic of China

    Dianping Tang

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Tang, J., Tang, D. Non-enzymatic electrochemical immunoassay using noble metal nanoparticles: a review. Microchim Acta 182, 2077–2089 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-015-1567-8

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