Abstract
Background/objective
Pseudoaneurysms (PA) are rare complications following ankle arthroscopy (AA). Delay in diagnosis is reported to be frequent and could lead to serious complications. Evidence synthesis on the clinical context of such complication lacks in the literature.
Methods
A systematic review is conducted to locate all relevant papers. In total, 23 case reports were included in the review. Data of 23 patients with a mean of 40.9 ± 10.3 years were extracted and analyzed. Outcomes included comorbidities, portals and procedure types performed during AA, PA location and size, time to diagnosis and treatment, and therapeutic modalities.
Results
The results showed that d-ATA and the dorsal pedis artery (DPA) were involved in 18 and 4 cases, respectively. A single case of PA of the fibular artery was described. The mean PA size was found to be 4.2 × 3.9 × 2.1 cm. Five of the 14 patients (35.7%) with a reported detailed medical history were treated for a cardiovascular or hemostasis condition. Delay in PA diagnosis was found to be at a mean time of 50.45 ± 74.6 days. The most commonly reported surgical indications were anterior synovectomy and removal of anterior osteophytes. Ligation was the most common procedure in treating PA.
Conclusion
While portal placement might be a minor factor, the variability of the d-ATA and/or DPA anatomical position and its affection with foot position and distraction during AA could play a role in the arterial injury. Synovectomy and removal of anterior, particularly big-sized, osteophytes could be considered as risk factors as well. A state of hypocoagulability might affect injury healing and consequently PA formation. PA diagnosis should be raised whenever a non-resolving or pulsatile swelling over a portal incision is observed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Gratl A, Klocker J, Glodny B, Wick M, Fraedrich G (2014) Treatment options of crural pseudoaneurysms. Vasa 43(3):209–215. https://doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a000351
Takagi K (1939) The arthroscope. J Jap Orthop Assoc 14:359–361
Tonogai I, Matsuura T, Iwame T, Wada K, Takasago T, Goto T, Hamada D, Kawatani Y, Fujimoto E, Kitagawa T (2017) Pseudoaneurysm of the anterior tibial artery following ankle arthroscopy in a soccer player. Case Rep Orthop. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2865971
Ferkel R (1996) Complications in ankle and foot arthroscopy. Arthroscopic Surgery: the foot and ankle, Lippincott-Raven Publishers, Philadelphia 15:291–304
Barber FA, Click J, Britt BT (1990) Complications of ankle arthroscopy. Foot Ankle 10(5):263–266. https://doi.org/10.1177/107110079001000504
Yammine K, Assi C (2018) Neurovascular and tendon injuries due to ankle arthroscopy portals: a meta-analysis of interventional cadaveric studies. Surg Radiol Anat 40(5):489–497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-018-2013-5
Mariani PP, Mancini L, Giorgini TL (2001) Pseudoaneurysm as a complication of ankle arthroscopy. Arthroscopy 17(4):400–402. https://doi.org/10.1053/jars.2001.22367
Brimmo OA, Parekh SG (2010) Pseudoaneurysm as a complication of ankle arthroscopy. Indian J Orthop 44(1):108. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5413.58614
Kotwal RS, Acharya A, O’Doherty D (2007) Anterior tibial artery pseudoaneurysm in a patient with hemophilia: a complication of ankle arthroscopy. J Foot Ankle Surg 46(4):314–316. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2007.03.008
Ramavath AL, Cornish JA, Ganapathi M, Williams DT (2009) Missed diagnosis of ankle pseudoaneurysm following ankle arthroscopy: a case report. Cases J 2(1):162. https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-1626-2-162
Small NC (1988) Complications in arthroscopic surgery performed by experienced arthroscopists. Arthroscopy 4(3):215–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-8063(88)80030-6
Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, Olkin I, Williamson GD, Rennie D, Moher D, Becker BJ, Sipe TA, Thacker SB (2000) Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. JAMA 283(15):2008–2012. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.283.15.2008
O’Farrell, D, Dudeney S, McNally S, Moran R (1997) Pseudoaneurysm formation after ankle arthroscopy. Foot Ankle Int 18(9):578–579. https://doi.org/10.1177/107110079701800909
Salgado C, Mukherjee D, Quist M, Cero S (1998) Anterior tibial artery pseudoaneurysm after ankle arthroscopy. Cardiovasc Surg 6(6):604–606. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-2109(98)00087-8
Darwish A, Ehsan O, Marynissen H, Al-Khaffaf H (2004) Pseudoaneurysm of the anterior tibial artery after ankle arthroscopy. Arthroscopy 20(6):e63–e64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2004.04.074
Jang E-C, Kwak BK, Song K-S, Jung H-J, Lee J-S, Yang JJ (2008) Pseudoaneurysm of the anterior tibial artery after ankle arthroscopy treated with ultrasound-guided compression therapy: a case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am 90(10):2235–2239. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.G.01409
Sadat U, Naik J, Verma P, See TC, Cousins C, Chitnavis JP, Varty K, Gaunt ME (2008) Endovascular management of pseudoaneurysms following lower limb orthopedic surgery. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) 37(5):E99–E102
Jacobs E, Groot D, Das M, Hermus JP (2011) Pseudoaneurysm of the anterior tibial artery after ankle arthroscopy. J Foot Ankle Surg 50(3):361–363. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2011.01.004
Chun TH, Park YS, Kim YT, Sung KS (2012) Pseudoaneurysm of anterior tibial artery after ankle arthroscopy. J Korean Foot Ankle Soc 16(4):265–269
Schaarschmidt B, Heuser L (2013) Diagnostics and treatment of pseudoaneurysms of the distal anterior tibial artery after upper ankle joint arthroscopy: a case report and a review of literature. RoFo 185(2):169–171. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1325442
Battisti D, Oliva F, Tarantino U, Nicola M (2014) Pseudoaneurysm of peroneal artery after ankle arthroscopy. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 4(2):269
Jeffery CA, Quinn SJ, Quinn JM (2014) Pseudoaneurysm of the anterior tibial artery after ankle arthroscopy. ANZ J Surg 84(5):391–393. https://doi.org/10.1111/ans.12280
Chamseddin KH, Kirkwood ML (2016) Anterior tibial artery pseudoaneurysm following ankle arthroscopy in a hemophiliac patient. Ann Vasc Surg 34(269):e17–e19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2015.12.017
Lui T (2016) Dorsalis pedis pseudoaneurysm: a complication followed extensor tendoscopy of the ankle in a non-tuberculosis patient with tenosynovitis with rice body formation. Foot Ankle Surg 22(2):e1–e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fas.2015.12.003
Wiske CP, Itoga NK, Ullery BW, Hunt KJ, Chandra V (2016) Ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the dorsalis pedis artery following ankle arthroscopy: a case report. JBJS 6(4):e102. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.CC.16.00069
Qaderi S, van Delft E, van der Elst A, Kaufmann L (2017) Endovascular management of a pseudoaneurysm following ankle arthroscopy: a case report. Ann Clin Case Rep 2:1317
Davis M, Brooks D, Bryceson W (2017) Pseudo-aneurysm: a rare complication of ankle arthroscopy. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 47(1):42. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2017.5544
Verbrugghe P, Vandekerkhof J, Baeyens I (2011) Pseudoaneurysm of the anterior tibial artery: a complication of ankle arthroscopy. Acta Chir Belg 111(6):410–411. https://doi.org/10.1080/00015458.2011.11680785
Kashir A, Kiely P, Dar W, D’Souza L (2010) Pseudoaneurysm of the dorsalis pedis artery after ankle arthroscopy. Foot Ankle Surg 16(3):151–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fas.2009.01.002
Kwon JN, Lee SY, Kim YM (2014) Pseudoaneurysm of the dorsalis pedis artery following ankle arthroscopy. Vasc Med 19(6):510–511. https://doi.org/10.1177/1358863X14557153
Slysko R, Sefrfanek V, Mondek P, Tomka J (2006) Arthroscopy of the ankle joint–a rare cause of a pseudoaneurysm of the dorsalis pedis artery–a case review. Rozhl Chir 85(3):115–117
Yamada T, Gloviczki P, Bower TC, Naessens JM, Carmichael SW (1993) Variations of the arterial anatomy of the foot. Am J Surg 166(2):130–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9610(05)81043-8
Huber JF (1993) Anatomy of the foot and ankle. In: Sarrafian SK, (ed) Anatomy of the Foot. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: JB Lippincott; 2:294–300
Son K-H, Cho JH, Lee JW, Kwack K-S, Han SH (2011) Is the anterior tibial artery safe during ankle arthroscopy? Anatomic analysis of the anterior tibial artery at the ankle joint by magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Sports Med 39(11):2452–2456. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546511416317
Vijayalakshmi S, Raghunath G, Shenoy V (2011) Anatomical study of dorsalis pedis artery and its clinical correlations. J Clin Diagn Res 5(2):287–290
De Leeuw PA, Golanó P, Clavero JA, Van Dijk CN (2010) Anterior ankle arthroscopy, distraction or dorsiflexion? Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 18(5):594–600. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-010-1089-1
Salvi AE (2007) Has plantarflexion any positive impact on the clinical risk of vascular injury during ankle arthroscopy? J Foot Ankle Surg 46(6):515–516. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2007.06.007
Williams JC, Roberts JW, Yoo BJ (2010) Dorsalis pedis artery pseudoaneurysm after Lisfranc surgery. J Orthop Trauma 24(11):e98–e101. https://doi.org/10.1097/BOT.0b013e3181dab088
Maguire DW, Huffer JM, Ahlstrand RA, Crummy JRAB (1972) Traumatic aneurysm of perforating peroneal artery: arterial bleeding-cause of severe pain following inversion, plantar flexion, ankle sprains. J Bone Joint Surg Am 54(2):409–412
Yamaguchi S, Mii S, Yonemitsu Y, Orita H, Sakata H (2002) A traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the dorsalis pedis artery: report of a case. Surg Today 32(8):756–757. https://doi.org/10.1007/s005950200144
Bogokowsky H, Slutzki S, Negri M, Halpern Z (1985) Pseudoaneurysm of the dorsalis pedis artery. Injury 16(6):424–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1383(85)90064-6
Khan MA, Groff DB (1978) Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the dorsalis pedis artery in a child. J Trauma 18(2):145
van Schaardenburgh P, Steenvoorde P, de Bruïne JF, Viersma JH, Warmenhoven PG (2003) Thrombotic resolution of a traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the anterior tibial artery after external compression. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 55(3):561–565. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.TA.0000031176.56759.21
Baeza L, Farrell ED, Salgado CJ (2009) Medial plantar artery pseudoaneurysm following percutaneous pinning for Lisfranc fracture-dislocation. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 99(1):58–60. https://doi.org/10.7547/0980058
van Hensbroek PB, Ponsen K, Reekers J, Goslings J (2007) Endovascular treatment of anterior tibial artery pseudoaneurysm following locking compression plating of the tibia. J Orthop Trauma 1(4):279–282. https://doi.org/10.1097/BOT.0b013e3180500371
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
None.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yammine, K., Kheir, N., Daher, J. et al. Pseudoaneurysm following ankle arthroscopy: a systematic review of case series. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 29, 689–696 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00590-018-2324-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00590-018-2324-6