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Pseudoaneurysm after total knee arthroplasty: imaging findings in 7 patients

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Abstract

Objective

To describe the clinical presentation of arterial pseudoaneurysms following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and their diagnostic imaging features on ultrasound and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in 7 patients.

Materials and methods

A search of our radiology report database from 2007 to 2017 yielded 7 patients with a pseudoaneurysm diagnosed by imaging after TKA. Clinical notes and imaging were reviewed.

Results

All 7 patients were male and ranged in age from 53 to 68 (mean 61) years. All patients presented with a painful swollen knee and hemarthrosis within the first month following surgery. Five patients presented after primary TKA. One patient presented after explantation for septic arthritis and another after partial synovectomy for septic arthritis without explantation. Ultrasound identified the pseudoaneurysm as a hypoechoic or hyperechoic mass with a “yin-yang” appearance of turbulent arterial flow and associated complex joint effusion. On MRA, the pseudoaneurysm was a mass next to a parent artery showing avid contrast enhancement in the arterial phase that persisted into the venous phase and washed out in the late venous phase. Six pseudoaneurysms arose from lateral geniculate arteries and 1 from a medial geniculate artery. There were no popliteal artery pseudoaneurysms. Five patients were treated endovascularly, 1 patient thrombosed without intervention, and 1 patient was treated with open surgery.

Conclusion

Pseudoaneurysm is a potential source of a painful swollen knee with hemarthrosis or a drop in hematocrit after TKA and can be identified with either ultrasound or MRA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 East 68th Street, Box 141, New York, NY, 10065, USA

    Steven P. Daniels & David Trost

  2. Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E. 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA

    Darryl B. Sneag, Jennifer L. Berkowitz & Yoshimi Endo

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  1. Steven P. Daniels
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  2. Darryl B. Sneag
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  3. Jennifer L. Berkowitz
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  4. David Trost
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  5. Yoshimi Endo
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yoshimi Endo.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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Daniels, S.P., Sneag, D.B., Berkowitz, J.L. et al. Pseudoaneurysm after total knee arthroplasty: imaging findings in 7 patients. Skeletal Radiol 48, 699–706 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-018-3084-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-018-3084-4

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