Abstract
The dysregulation in heat balance, the main cause of exertional heat stroke, occurs not only in midsummer but also in the cold season. Possible causes of this are a reduction in convection and evaporation due to tailwinds and an acceleration of radiant heat inflow. Although the amount of radiant heat that reaches the surface can be estimated, the actual amount of heat that flows into the body cannot be specified yet. This paper made an experimental attempt at this. A device is made up of a temperature controllable heat sink and heat flow detector, which keeps the surface temperature constant and has a heat exchange coefficient comparable to that of the human body surface. The output of this device (total heat exchange) was divided into radiant heat exchange and other heat exchange using a standard radiant heat calibrator, Leslie cube. A phenomenon, in which a wet surface while the surface temperature was low absorbed larger heat than that of the dry surface, was found. And authors named this “hidden heat inflow”. As a result of multiple regression analyses, both radiant heat exchange and other heat exchanges are closely related to the surface temperature, and the maximum difference in total heat exchange during the experiment reached 200 kcal/m2/h. It has been suggested that this phenomenon may also occur on the surface of human skin. One of the causes of this “hidden heat inflow” is considered to be the decrease in evaporative cooling due to the decrease in surface temperature. However, this alone cannot explain all of the phenomena, so water vapor aggregation may also be involved. A “hidden heat inflow” as a sufficient heat source for exertional heat stroke or collapse during a marathon race on a cold day was evidenced experimentally.
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Acknowledgements
The authors declare that the results of the study are presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation. Our results of the present study do not constitute an endorsement by ACSM. Scientific support for heat transmission was given by Dr. Y. Kuwasawa, Director, National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management (Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0802). Technical support with tissue paper staining with water-insoluble black ink was provided by Nakamura-Giken (President: Saichi Nakamura, Ashikaga, Tochigi Prefecture). The operation of the environmental chamber was performed with the assistance of Dr. T. Nishiyasu and Dr. Y. Honda. Statistical analysis was performed by Dr. N. Nishijima. Finally, we would like to thank Editage for English language editing.
Funding
This study was supported financially by the University of Tsukuba Research Project 2013–2015. The research fund was given to K T (2013) by the Obayashi Road Corporation, Technical Research Institute, Kamikiyoto 4–640, Kiyose, Tokyo 204–0011, and the Nissin-Sangyo scholarship grant for thermal radiation research on athletes’ health was given to K T. No other financial aid was received for this study. There are no conflicts of interest from these sources of funding.
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Yuan, S., Ota-Kotner, A. & Tagami, K. A new causative heat supply for exertional heat stroke on runners in cold air. Int J Biometeorol 66, 1787–1796 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-022-02318-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-022-02318-x