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Reactive oxygen species play a role in muscle wasting during thyrotoxicosis

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Abstract

The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in muscle protein hydrolysis and protein oxidation in thyrotoxicosis has not been explored. This study indicates that ROS play a role in skeletal muscle wasting pathways in thyrotoxicosis. Two experimental groups (rats) were treated for 5 days with either 3,3′,5-triiodothyronine (HT) or HT with α-tocopherol (HT + αT). Two controls were used, vehicle (Control) and control treated with αT (Control + αT). Serum T3, peritoneal fat, serum glycerol, muscle and body weight, temperature, mitochondrial metabolism (cytochrome c oxidase activity), oxidative stress parameters and proteolytic activities were examined. High body temperature induced by HT returned to normal when animals were treated with αT, although total body and muscle weight did not. An increase in lipolysis was observed in the HT + αT group, as peritoneal fat decreased significantly together with an increase in serum glycerol. GSH, GSSG and total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) decreased and catalase activity increased in the HT group. The glutathione redox ratio was higher in HT + αT than in both HT and Control + αT groups. Carbonyl proteins, AOPP, mitochondrial and chymotrypsin-like proteolytic activities were higher in the HT group than in the Control. HT treatment with αT restored mitochondrial metabolism, TRAP, carbonyl protein, chymotrypsin-like activity and AOPP to the level as that of the Control + αT. Calpain activity was lower in the HT + αT group than in HT and Control + αT and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher in the HT + αT group than in the Control + αT. Although αT did not reverse muscle loss, ROS was involved in proteolysis to some degree.

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Abbreviations

αT:

Alpha-tocopherol

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

Control+αT:

Control treated with αT

DNPH:

2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine

EDTA:

Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid

GSSG:

Oxidized glutathione

GSH:

Reduced glutathione

HT:

Hormone treated

HT+αT:

Hormone treated plus αT treatment

IM:

Isolation medium

KI:

Potassium iodide

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

RLU:

Relative light units

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

T3:

3,3′,5-triiodothyronine

TBARS:

Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances

TCA:

Trichloroacetic acid

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of General Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil

    Sara Santos Bernardes, Poliana Camila Marinello & Alessandra Lourenço Cecchini

  2. Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Free Radicals, Department of General Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil

    Flávia Alessandra Guarnier & Rubens Cecchini

  3. Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil

    André Armani

  4. University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil

    Andréa Name Colado Simão

  5. Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR445, km 380 Campus Universitário, Londrina, CEP 86051-990, Brazil

    Alessandra Lourenço Cecchini

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  1. Sara Santos Bernardes
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  2. Flávia Alessandra Guarnier
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Correspondence to Alessandra Lourenço Cecchini.

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Bernardes, S.S., Guarnier, F.A., Marinello, P.C. et al. Reactive oxygen species play a role in muscle wasting during thyrotoxicosis. Cell Tissue Res 357, 803–814 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-014-1881-1

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