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South-to-north pyroxenite–peridotite source variation correlated with an OIB-type to arc-type enrichment of magmas from the Payenia backarc of the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ)

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Abstract

New high-precision minor element analysis of the most magnesian olivine cores (Fo85–88) in fifteen high-MgO (Mg#66–74) alkali basalts or trachybasalts from the Quaternary backarc volcanic province, Payenia, of the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone in Argentina displays a clear north-to-south decrease in Mn/Feol. This is interpreted as the transition from mainly peridotite-derived melts in the north to mainly pyroxenite-derived melts in the south. The peridotite–pyroxenite source variation correlates with a transition of rock compositions from arc-type to OIB-type trace element signatures, where samples from the central part of the province are intermediate. The southernmost rocks have, e.g., relatively low La/Nb, Th/Nb and Th/La ratios as well as high Nb/U, Ce/Pb, Ba/Th and Eu/Eu* = 1.08. The northern samples are characterized by the opposite and have Eu/Eu* down to 0.86. Several incompatible trace element ratios in the rocks correlate with Mn/Feol and also reflect mixing of two geochemically distinct mantle sources. The peridotite melt end-member carries an arc signature that cannot solely be explained by fluid enrichment since these melts have relatively low Eu/Eu*, Ba/Th and high Th/La ratios, which suggest a component of upper continental crust (UCC) in the metasomatizing agent of the northern mantle. However, the addition to the mantle source of crustal materials or varying oxidation state cannot explain the variation in Mn and Mn/Fe of the melts and olivines along Payenia. Instead, the correlation between Mn/Feol and whole-rock (wr) trace element compositions is evidence of two-component mixing of melts derived from peridotite mantle source enriched by slab fluids and UCC melts and a pyroxenite mantle source with an EM1-type trace element signature. Very low Ca/Fe ratios (~1.1) in the olivines of the peridotite melt component and lower calculated partition coefficients for Ca in olivine for these samples are suggested to be caused by higher H2O contents in the magmas derived from subduction zone enriched mantle. Well-correlated Mn/Fe ratios in the wr and primitive olivines demonstrate that the Mn/Fewr of these basalts that only fractionated olivine and chromite reflects the Mn/Fe of the primitive melts and can be used as a proxy for the amount of pyroxenite melt in the magmas. Using Mn/Fewr for a large dataset of primitive Payenia rocks, we show that decreasing Mn/Fewr is correlated with decreasing Mn and increasing Zn/Mn as expected for pyroxenite melts.

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Acknowledgements

We are very thankful to Alfons Berger for help with the Electron Microprobe setup and carbon coating. Many thanks go to Mads Alfastsen for discussions and partnership during field work. Also, thanks go to Charlotte Thorup Dyhr and Majken Djurhuus Poulsen for many fruitful discussions. The laboratory work with the ICP-MS analyses by J. Kystol (GEUS) is very much appreciated. We are thankful for the constructive comments by Suzanne M. Kay and an anonymous reviewer. We greatly acknowledge the support to P.M. Holm from the Danish Research Council for Nature and Universe Grant No. 272-07-0514 and the Carlsberg Foundation Grant No. 2010_01_0833 and to N. Søager from the Danish Research Council for Nature and Universe Grant No. 0602-02528B.

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  1. Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark

    Frederik Ejvang Brandt, Paul Martin Holm & Nina Søager

  2. Geomar Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstraβe1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany

    Nina Søager

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  1. Frederik Ejvang Brandt
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Brandt, F.E., Holm, P.M. & Søager, N. South-to-north pyroxenite–peridotite source variation correlated with an OIB-type to arc-type enrichment of magmas from the Payenia backarc of the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ). Contrib Mineral Petrol 172, 1 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-016-1318-9

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