Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Elevated circulating levels of xenopsin-related peptide-1 are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome

  • Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine
  • Published:
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

This study was conducted to compare serum xenopsin-related peptide-1 (XP-1) levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and in healthy women and to determine the role of XP-1 levels in PCOS.

Methods

Forty patients with PCOS and 38 healthy women were included in the study and matched with age and body mass index. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), XP-1 and total testosterone levels of all participants were measured.

Results

Serum XP-1 levels significantly increased in women with PCOS compared to the control group (6.49 ± 1.57 vs 5.29 ± 1.45 ng/ml, p = 0.001). Serum insulin, hs-CRP, HOMA-IR, total testosterone levels and waist circumference were higher in women with PCOS than in control group. High XP-1 levels were associated with PCOS after adjustment for potential confounders. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis confirmed that the area under ROC curves was 0.703 (95% CI 0.588–0.818, p < 0.002) for XP-1 levels. The optimal cut-off value of XP-1 for detecting PCOS was ≥5.87 ng/ml.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that increased XP-1 levels were associated with PCOS after adjustment for potential confounders, which has been shown to be effective in the function of the insulin signaling pathway.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Norman RJ, Dewailly D, Legro RS, Hickey TE (2007) Polycystic ovary syndrome. Lancet 370:685–697

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Teede H, Deeks A, Moran L (2010) Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan. BMC Med 8:41

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Meyer C, McGrath BP, Cameron J, Kotsopoulos D, Teede HJ (2005) Vascular dysfunction and metabolic parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:4630–4635

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Tarkun I, Arslan BC, Canturk Z, Türemen E, Sahin T, Duman C (2004) Endothelial dysfunction in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: relationship with insulin resistance and low-grade chronic inflammation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:5592–5596

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Carmina E, Lobo RA (1999) Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): arguably the most common endocrinopathy is associated with significant morbidity in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:1897–1899

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Vrbıkova J, Grimmichova T, Dvorakova K, Hill M, Stanická S, Vondra K (2008) Family history of diabetes mellitus determines insulin sensitivity and beta cell function in polycystic ovary syndrome. Physiol Res 57:547–553

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Venkatesan AM, Dunaif A, Corbould A (2001) Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: progress and paradoxes. Recent Prog Horm Res 56:295–308

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Norman RJ, Masters L, Milner CR, Wang JX, Davies MJ (2001) Relative risk of conversion from normoglycaemia to impaired glucose tolerance or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Hum Reprod 16(9):1995–1998

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Araki K, Tachibana S, Uchiyama M, Nakajima T, Yasuhara T (1975) Isolation and structure of a new active peptide xenopsin on rat stomach strip and some biogenic amines in the skin of Xenopus laevis. Chem Pharm Bull 23:3132–3140

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Araki K, Tachibana S, Kato Y, Tajima T (1979) Comparative studies of xenopsin and neurotensin on some biological activities. Yakugaku Zasshi 99:466–470

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Arslan N, Sayin O, Tokgöz Y (2014) Evaluation of serum xenin and ghrelin levels and their relationship with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance in obese adolescents. J endocrinol İnvest 37(11):1091–1097

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Carraway RE, Leeman SE (1976) Radioimmunoassay for neurotensin, agastrin immunoreactivity in gastric antral G-cells. Histochemistry hypothalamic peptide. J Biol Chem 251:7035–7044 (1986;85:135–138)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Kawanishi K, Goto A, Ishida T, Kawamura K, Nishina Y, Machida S, Yamamoto S, Ofuji T (1978) The effects of xenopsin of endocrine pancreas and gastric antrum in dogs. Horm Metab Res 10(4):283–286

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Zinner MJ, Kasher F, Modlin IM, Jaffe BM (1982) Effect of xenopsin on blood flow, hormone release, and acid secretion. Am J Physiol 243(3):G195–G199

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group (2003) Consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 81:19–25 (revised)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Ferriman D, Gallwey JD (1961) Clinical assessment of body hair growth in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 21:1440–1447

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC (1985) Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 28:412–419

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Salley KE, Wickham EP, Cheang KI, Essah PA, Karjane NW, Nestler JE (2007) Glucose intolerance in polycystic ovary syndrome—a position statement of the Androgen Excess Society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92:4546–4556

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Willis D, Franks S (1995) Insulin action in human granulosa cells from normal and polycystic ovaries is mediated by the insulin receptor and not the type-I insulin-like growth factor receptor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80:3788–3790

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Nestler JE (1997) Role of hyperinsulinemia in the pathogenesis of the polycystic ovary syndrome, and its clinical implications. Semin Reprod Endocrinol 15:111–122

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Nestler JE, Jakubowicz DJ, de Vargas AF, Brik C, Quintero N, Medina F (1998) Insulin stimulates testosterone biosynthesis by human thecal cells from women with polycystic ovary syndrome by activating its own receptor and using inositolglycan mediators as the signal transduction system. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83:2001–2015

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Chowdhury S, Wang S, Patterson BW, Reeds DN, Wice BM (2013) The combination of GIP plus xenin-25 indirectly increases pancreatic polypeptide release in humans with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Regul Pept 187:42–50

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Kawanishi K, Goto A, Ishida T, Kawamura K, Nishina Y, Machida S, Yamamoto S, Ofuji T (1978) The effects of xenopsin of endocrine pancreas and gastric antrum in dogs. Horm Metab Res 10(4):283–286

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Shaw C, Stöckmann F, Conlon JM (1987) Xenopsin- and neurotensin-like peptides in gastric juice from patients with duodenal ulcers. Eur J Clin Invest 17(4):306–312

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Moti M, Amini L, Mirhoseini Ardakani SS, Kamalzadeh S, Masoomikarimi M, Jafarisani M (2015) Oxidative stress and anti-oxidant defense system in Iranian women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Iran J Reprod Med 13:373–378

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Cochrane DE, Carraway RE, Boucher W (1991) Generation of xenopsin-related peptides from issue precursors by media conditioned by endotoxin-stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages. Inflammation 15(5):381–390

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Carraway RE, Mitra SP, Muraki K (1991) Xenopsin-related peptide(s) are formed from xenopsin precursor by leukocyte protease(s) and cathepsinD. Peptides 12(1):107–112

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study did not receive any specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sector. This study was supported by Muzaffer Temur.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Education and Research Hospital, 16290, Bursa, Turkey

    Muzaffer Temur, Tayfur Çift & Sibel Üstünel

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aydın Private Liva Hospital, 09010, Aydın, Turkey

    Pelin Özün Özbay

  3. Department of Medical Biochemistry, İzmir Katipcelebi University Medical School, 35640, İzmir, Turkey

    Saliha Aksun

  4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Manisa Merkezefendi State Hospital, Merkezefendi, 45020, Manisa, Turkey

    Özgür Yilmaz

  5. Department of Endocrinology, İzmir Bozyaka Education and Research Hospital, 35170, İzmir, Turkey

    Mehmet Calan

Authors
  1. Muzaffer Temur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Pelin Özün Özbay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Saliha Aksun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Özgür Yilmaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Tayfur Çift
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Sibel Üstünel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Mehmet Calan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

MT, ÖY and SU project development, data collection, and manuscript writing. TÇ and SA did all the analyses, with major contribution and guidance about the statistical methods. EPÖ, MC prepared the figures and data collection. All authors contributed to the study by being part of the Steering Committee or as an international collaborative partner, critical analyses, and discussion of the data and to the revisions of the paper. All authors have read and approved the final version. The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in the paper.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Muzaffer Temur.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Funding

None.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Temur, M., Özün Özbay, P., Aksun, S. et al. Elevated circulating levels of xenopsin-related peptide-1 are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. Arch Gynecol Obstet 296, 841–846 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-017-4493-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-017-4493-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation