Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Generation of xenopsin-related peptides from tissue precursors by media conditioned by endotoxin-stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages

  • Original Articles
  • Published:
Inflammation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Incubation of media conditioned by endotoxin-stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages generates immunoreactive xenopsin (iXP) when incubated with acid extracts of various tissues of the rat. The generation of iXP, as measured by specific radioimmunoassay and confirmed by HPLC analysis, increased as the length of the incubation period increased and was inhibited by pepstatin, prior boiling of the conditioned media, or by omitting either the tissue extract or the conditioned media. The pH optimum for the generation of iXP was 3.0. The generated iXP showed biological activity in that stimulated histamine secretion from isolated rat mast cells and this secretory response was prevented by metabolically poisoning the cells. In addition, the generated iXP stimulated contraction of the isolated guinea pig ileum. In this regard, it was similar to neurotensin (NT). Tissue precursor levels for iXP, as measured by this system of generation, were highest in kidney, liver, and skin and lowest in skeletal muscle and plasma. These results suggest to us that during the inflammatory response, the NT-related peptide, xenopsin, can be generated from tissue precursor(s) by enzymes secreted by invading macrophages. The generated XP may then affect the participating cells of inflammation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Araki, K., S. Tachibana, Y. Kato, andT. Tajima, 1979. Comparative studies of xenopsin and neurotensin on some biological activities.Yakugakai Zasshi 99:466–470.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ishida, T., K. Kawamura, A. Goto, Y. Nishina, J. Takahara, S. Yamaoto, K. Kawanishi, andT. Ofjui. 1976. Comparison studies of neurotensin and xenopsin upon pancreatic secretion in the dog.Metab. Clin. Exp. 25(Suppl 1):1467–1468.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Feurle, G. E., I. Baca, W. Knauf, A. Schwab, T. Araki, andR. E. Carraway. 1982. Xenopsin stimulated exocrine pancreatic secretion in the dog.Experientia 38:679–680.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Araki, K., S. Tachibana, M. Uchiyama, T. Nakajima, andT. Yashuhara. 1975. Isolation and structure of a new active peptide xenopsin on rat stomach strip and some biogenic amines in the skin ofXenopus laevis.Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo)23:132–3140.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Carraway, R. E., S. E. Ruane, G. E. Feurle, andS. Taylor. 1982. Amphibian neurotensin (NT) is not xenopsin (XP): dual presence of NT-like and XP-like peptides in various amphibia.Endocrinology 110:1094–1101.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Feurle, G. E., R. E. Carraway, andW. Knauf. 1985. Evidence for the presence of xenopsin-related peptide(s) in the gastric mucosa of mammals.J. Clin. In vest. 76:156–162.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Carraway, R. E., D. E. Cochrane, J. B. Lansman, S. E. Leeman, B. M. Patterson, andH. J. Welch. 1982. Neurotensin stimulates exocytotic histamine secretion from rat mast cells and elevates plasma histamine levels.J. Physiol. 323:403–414.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Carraway, R. E., D. E. Cochrane, andS. P. Mitra. 1988. Xenopsin-related peptide generated in avian gastric extracts.Regul. Pep. 22:303–314.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Carraway, R. E., S. P. Mitra, andK. Muraki. 1991. Xenopsin-related peptide(s) are formed from xenopsin precursor by leukocyte protease(s) and cathepsin D.Peptides 12:107–112.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Carraway, R. E., S. P. Mitra, andK. Muraki, 1990. Isolation and structures of xenopsinrelated peptides from rat stomach, liver and brain.Regul. Pep. 29:229–239.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Gallin, J. I., I. M. Goldstein, andR. Synderman. 1988. Overview.In Inflammation: Basic Principles and Clinical Correlates., J. I. Gallin, I. M. Goldstein, and R. Synderman, editors. Raven Press, New York. 1–3.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Cochrane, D. E. 1990. Peptide regulation of mast cell function.Prog. Med. Chem. 27:144–188.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Henson, P. M., J. E. Henson, C. Fittschen, G. Kimani, D. L. Bratton, andD. W. H. Riches. 1988.In Inflammation: Basic Principles and Clincal Correlates. J. I. Gallin, I. M. Goldstein, and R. Snyderman, editors. Raven Press, New York. 363–390.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Van Furth, R. 1988. Phagocytic cells: Developmental and distribution of mononuclear phagocytes in normal steady state and inflammation.In Inflammation: Basic Principles and Clinical Correlates. J. I. Gallin, I. M. Goldstein, and R. Snyderman, editors. Raven Press, New York. 281–295.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Schnyder, J., andM. Baggiolini. 1978. Secretion of lysosomal hydrolyses by stimulated and nonstimulated macrophages.J. Exp. Med. 148:435–450.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Cochrane, D. E., W. Boucher, andR. E. Carraway. 1989. Generation of histamine-releasing activity from serum albumin by medium derived from stimulated neutrophils of rat.Br. J. Pharmacol. 97:524–532.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Carraway, R. E., S. P. Mitra, andD. E. Cochrane. 1987. Structure of a biologically active neurotensin-related peptide obtained from pepsin-treated albumin(s).J. Biol. Chem. 262:5968–5973.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Carraway, R. E., D. H. Cochrane, W. Boucher, andS. Mitra. 1989. Structures of histamine releasing peptides formed by the action of acid proteases on mammalian albumin(s).J. Immunol. 143:1680–1684.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Mogard, M. H., R. Kobayashi, C. F. Chen, T. D. Lee, J. R. Reeve, J. E. Shively, andJ. H. Walsh. 1986. The amino acid sequence of kinetensin, a novel peptide isolated from pepsin-treated human plasma: Homology with human serum albumin, neurotensin and angiotensin,Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 136:983–988.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Cochrane, D. E., W. W. Douglas, T. Mouri, andY. Nagazato. 1975. Calcium stimulussecretion coupling in the adrenal medulla; contrasting stimulatory effects of the ionophores X537A and A23187 on catecholaimine outputs.J. Physiol. 252:264–278.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Carray, R. E., E. A. Singer, C. F. Ferris, andS. P. Mitra. 1986. Generation of immunoreactive neurotensin(s) and enkaphalin(s) by pepsin-treatment of plasma.In Kinins IV, Part B. L. M. Greenbaum and H. S. Margolis, editors. Plenum Publishing, New York. 169–179.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Cochrane, D. E., andW. W. Dougles. 1974. Calcium-induced extrusion of secretory granules (exocytosis) in mast cells exposed to 48/80 or the ionophores A-23187 and X-537A.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71:408–412.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Cochrane, D. E., W.Boucher, and R. E.Carraway. Formation of histamine-releasing activity from albumin by medium conditioned by endotoxin stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages (unpublished observations.)

  24. Sugiyama, K., T. Ogino, andK.-I. Ogata. 1989. Histamine release induced by proteolytic digests of human serum albumin: Isolation and structure of an active fragment from pepsin treatment.Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 49:165–171.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Bever, C. T., Jr., K. D. Morgan, andJ. W. Whitaker. (1989). Cathespin D. activity in human peritoneal blood mononuclear leukocytes.Inflammation 13:309–316.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Poole, A. R., R. M. Hembury, J. T. Dingle, I. Finder, E. F. J. Ring, andJ. Cash. 1976. Secretion and localization of cathepsin D in synovial tissues removed from rheumatoid and traumatized joints.Arthritis Rheum. 19:1287–1294.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Schnyder, J., andM. Baggiolini. 1980. Secretion of lysosomal enzymes by macrophages.In Mononculear Phagocytes. Functional Aspects. Part II. R. van Furth, editor. Martinus Nijhoff, London. 1369–1381.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Tufts University, 02155, Medford, Massachusetts

    David E. Cochrane & William Boucher

  2. Department of Physiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, 01655, Worcester, Massachusetts

    Robert E. Carraway

Authors
  1. David E. Cochrane
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Robert E. Carraway
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. William Boucher
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cochrane, D.E., Carraway, R.E. & Boucher, W. Generation of xenopsin-related peptides from tissue precursors by media conditioned by endotoxin-stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages. Inflammation 15, 381–390 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00917354

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00917354

Keywords

Search

Navigation