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Coffee consumption might be associated with lower potential risk and severity of metabolic syndrome: national health and nutrition examination survey 2003–2018

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Abstract

Background

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by multiple metabolic disorders and is a serious global health problem. The coffee effect, acting as one of the most prevalent beverages on metabolic syndrome, is debatable.

Methods

We included patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2018 and used a comprehensive evaluation called the MetS z-score to assess the severity of metabolic syndrome. The relationship between coffee, decaffeinated coffee, tea, and MetS z-scores was explored using a weighted linear regression. We also divided the participants into metabolic and non-metabolic syndrome groups according to the NCEP/ATP III criteria for the subgroup analysis.

Results

A total of 14,504 participants were included in this study. The results demonstrated that drinking more than three cups of coffee daily was significantly linked to lower MetS z-scores (p < 0.001). Daily coffee consumption was also associated with lower BMI (p = 0.02), systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (p < 0.001), and triglycerides (p < 0.001), while it was positively correlated with HDL-C (p = 0.001). Participants who consumed more than three cups of coffee daily had a lower MetS z-score in the MetS (p < 0.001) and non-MetS (p = 0.04) groups.

Conclusion

This research indicates that coffee consumption is linked to MetS severity. However, decaffeinated coffee and tea intake were unrelated to MetS severity.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the staff of the National Centers for Health Statistics of the Centers for Disease Control for designing, collecting, and managing the NHANES data and releasing the data available to the public.

Funding

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 82071841), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81901667), and the National High-Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (Grant No. 2022-PUMCH-B-044).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Family Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China

    He Zhao, Shuolin Wang, Yingdong Han, Menghui Yao, Yun Zhang & Xuejun Zeng

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  1. He Zhao
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  2. Shuolin Wang
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  3. Yingdong Han
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Correspondence to Yun Zhang or Xuejun Zeng.

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Informed consent

The NHANES was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the NCHS, and written informed consent was obtained from each participant.

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The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Zhao, H., Wang, S., Han, Y. et al. Coffee consumption might be associated with lower potential risk and severity of metabolic syndrome: national health and nutrition examination survey 2003–2018. Eur J Nutr (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-024-03367-1

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