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Intrathecal baclofen therapy for treatment of spasticity in infants and small children under 6 years of age

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Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study is to prove the efficacy and safety of intrathecal baclofen therapy in infants and children below 6 years of age by retrospective analysis of our pediatric cohort of 135 primary pump implantations.

Methods

Between 2007 and 2018, 17 patients with pump implantations were below 6 years of age. Data were acquired retrospectively with a follow-up of 12 months to 11 years regarding complications.

Results

The youngest infant was 11 months at implantation with a bodyweight of 6, 4 kg, and 63 cm length. Surgical complications were comparable to published literature and mainly involved the catheter (2 catheter dislocations and 1 catheter transection) and one pump infection resulting in 4 revision surgeries in 3 patients. One baclofen-related apnea during titration and an overdose after refill were treated conservatively. Using a subfascial implantation technique, we observed neither skin ulceration nor pump infection since 2007. In a growing child, catheter slides are common and related to growth, scoliosis, spine surgery, and surgical failure.

Conclusion

Intrathecal baclofen therapy in infants and small children is as safe and effective as published for older pediatric patients; therefore, intrathecal baclofen can be considered in all infants as long as an 8-cm incision fits into the triangle of the anterior superior iliac spine, costal margin of the 10th rib, and navel. We suggest the utilization of subfascial surgical technique for implantation pump and catheter. Titration of intrathecal baclofen should be performed slowly to avoid bradycardia in infants. This is a retrospective study (level of evidence 4).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Altona Children’s Hospital, Bleickenallee 38, 22763, Hamburg, Germany

    Christian Hagemann, Ilka Schmitt & Philip Kunkel

  2. Department of Pediatric Neurology, Altona Children’s Hospital, Bleickenallee 38, 22763, Hamburg, Germany

    Grischa Lischetzki

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  1. Christian Hagemann
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  2. Ilka Schmitt
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Correspondence to Christian Hagemann.

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Hagemann, C., Schmitt, I., Lischetzki, G. et al. Intrathecal baclofen therapy for treatment of spasticity in infants and small children under 6 years of age. Childs Nerv Syst 36, 767–773 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-019-04341-7

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