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Molecular Diversity Analysis of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobium Isolated from Groundnut and Evaluation of Their Field Efficacy

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Abstract

Rhizobium are nitrogen-fixing bacteria which possess the nif gene that codes for the nitrogenase enzyme involved in the reduction of atmospheric dinitrogen (N2) to ammonia. Thirty rhizobial strains were identified from ten groundnut plant root nodules collected from semi-arid regions of Rajasthan, India. The isolates were initially identified on the basis of morphological, biochemical, and molecular characteristics. These rhizobium strains were further screened for plant growth promoting activities. Twenty-eight strains were able to produce indole acetic acid, nine strains could solubilize phosphate, and twenty-nine strains exhibited positive results for siderophore and ammonia production. All the bacterial strains were able to efficiently nodulate the groundnut under pot conditions and based on multiple PGP activities six strains were selected for field evaluation. Field experiments confirmed the effectiveness of these selected rhizobium strains resulted in significantly higher nodule number, nodule dry weight, grain yield, and yield components of inoculated plants. Inoculation of the rhizobium strain GN223 followed by GN221 resulted in high yield and field efficiency. Isolation of effective microbial strains is the prerequisite to increase the yield which is evident from the field data of the present study. Hence, these strains might serve as proficient inoculants.

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Abbreviations

PCR-RFLP:

Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism

ARDRA:

Amplified 16S ribosomal DNA restriction analysis

UPGMA:

Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean

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Acknowledgements

The financial assistance from All India Network Project on soil biodiversity and biofertilizers and Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) research project are highly acknowledged. Ms. Suman Sanadhya gratefully acknowledges the CSIR for the SRF fellowship. The support of Dean, RCA and Director of Research, MPUAT is also gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, 313001, India

    Devendra Jain, Suman Sanadhya, Heena Saheewala, Deepali Maheshwari & Aradhana Shukwal

  2. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, 313001, India

    P. B. Singh

  3. Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, 313001, India

    R. H. Meena

  4. Department of Agronomy, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, 313001, India

    Roshan Choudhary

  5. Indian Institute of Soil Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Bhopal, M.P., 462038, India

    S. R. Mohanty

  6. Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, 303007, India

    Abhijeet Singh

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  1. Devendra Jain
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Contributions

DJ conceived and designed the experiments; SS, HS, and DM performed laboratory experiments; PBS, ArS, and RHM performed field studies; DJ, AbS, RS, and SRM wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Devendra Jain.

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Jain, D., Sanadhya, S., Saheewala, H. et al. Molecular Diversity Analysis of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobium Isolated from Groundnut and Evaluation of Their Field Efficacy. Curr Microbiol 77, 1550–1557 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-01963-y

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