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Chemical vs. biotechnological synthesis of C13-apocarotenoids: current methods, applications and perspectives

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Abstract

Apocarotenoids are natural compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids. Particularly, C13-apocarotenoids are volatile compounds that contribute to the aromas of different flowers and fruits and are highly valued by the Flavor and Fragrance industry. So far, the chemical synthesis of these terpenoids has dominated the industry. Nonetheless, the increasing consumer demand for more natural and sustainable processes raises an interesting opportunity for bio-production alternatives. In this regard, enzymatic biocatalysis and metabolically engineered microorganisms emerge as attractive biotechnological options. The present review summarizes promising bioengineering approaches with regard to chemical production methods for the synthesis of two families of C13-apocarotenoids: ionones/dihydroionones and damascones/damascenone. We discuss each method and its applicability, with a thorough comparative analysis for ionones, focusing on the production process, regulatory aspects, and sustainability.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support of FONDECYT grant No. 1130822 for research work on production of bioflavors by metabolic engineering of yeast is greatly acknowledged. Vicente Cataldo and Javiera López acknowledge CONICYT for receiving graduate scholarships for their Ph.D. studies. Vicente Cataldo is also grateful to Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile for supporting fellowship.

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  1. Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile

    Vicente F. Cataldo, Javiera López, Martín Cárcamo & Eduardo Agosin

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  1. Vicente F. Cataldo
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  2. Javiera López
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Correspondence to Eduardo Agosin.

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Vicente F. Cataldo declares that he has no conflict of interest. Javiera López declares that she has no conflict of interest. Martín Cárcamo declares that he has no conflict of interest. Eduardo Agosin declares that he has no conflict of interest.

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Cataldo, V.F., López, J., Cárcamo, M. et al. Chemical vs. biotechnological synthesis of C13-apocarotenoids: current methods, applications and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 100, 5703–5718 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-7583-8

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