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Drugs of abuse from a different toxicological perspective: an updated review of cocaine genotoxicity

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Abstract

Cocaine is one of the most widely consumed psychoactive substances and has been recognized as a major public health concern for many years. While several aspects of the toxicology of cocaine have been thoroughly described in the literature, namely its effects on different target organs, other toxicological features should not be disregarded. In this perspective, the in vitro and in vivo genotoxic effects of cocaine, along with the genotoxicity data from human exposure, especially in the context of “crack” smoking, were reviewed. Some concerns regarding (1) the chronic abuse and forms of cocaine, (2) the role of metabolism and (3) the mode of action of cocaine were discussed. The major limitations of the experimental and human studies available were also addressed and some research gaps in this field identified. Overall, although the genotoxicity of cocaine is still a matter of discussion, this psychoactive substance exhibits a genotoxic potential that should be further considered.

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Acknowledgements

Ricardo Dinis-Oliveira acknowledges Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) for his Investigator Grant (IF/01147/2013).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal

    Nuno Guerreiro Oliveira

  2. Department of Sciences, IINFACTS-Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal

    Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira

  3. UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira

  4. Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira

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  1. Nuno Guerreiro Oliveira
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Oliveira, N.G., Dinis-Oliveira, R.J. Drugs of abuse from a different toxicological perspective: an updated review of cocaine genotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 92, 2987–3006 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-018-2281-1

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