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Under-classified obstetric anal sphincter injuries

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Abstract

Introduction and hyposthesis

Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIs) that are missed at delivery can have long-term consequences. OASIs that are under-classified at delivery are likely to be inadequately repaired, resulting in a persistent anal sphincter defect.

We aimed to identify women who have persistent defects on endoanal ultrasound, inconsistent with the original diagnosis, and compare the effect on St Mark’s incontinence scores (SMIS). We also aimed to look for changes in numbers of under-classification over time.

Methods

Records of women attending a perineal clinic who had endoanal ultrasound from 2012 to 2020 were reviewed. Women who had a modified Starck score implying a defect greater than the classification [indicated by the depth of external anal sphincter or internal anal sphincter (IAS) defect] at delivery were identified.

Results

A total of 1056 women with a diagnosis of 3a or 3b tears were included. Of these, 120 (11.36%) were found to have a defect greater than the original diagnosis and therefore were incorrectly classified at delivery.

Women who had a 3b tear diagnosed at delivery, but had an IAS defect, had a significantly higher SMIS (p < 0.01). When comparing two 4-year periods, there was a significant improvement in the diagnosis of IAS tears.

Conclusion

Some women with OASIs that have under-classified OASIs are associated with worse anorectal symptoms. This is likely because of an incomplete repair. Some improvement in diagnosis of IAS tears has been noted. We propose improved training in OASIs can help reduce the number of incorrectly classified tears and improve repair.

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Acknowledgments

I thank Paul Bassett for his help with the statistics. This project has been presented at IUGA 45th Virtual Annual Meeting 29 August–4 September 2020.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Croydon University Hospital, London Road, Croydon, CR7 7YE, UK

    Joanna C. Roper, Ranee Thakar & Abdul H. Sultan

  2. Honorary Senior Lecturer, St George’s University of London, London, UK

    Ranee Thakar

  3. Honorary Reader, St George’s University of London, London, UK

    Abdul H. Sultan

Authors
  1. Joanna C. Roper
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  2. Ranee Thakar
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  3. Abdul H. Sultan
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Contributions

Roper: Data collection, manuscript writing.

Thakar: Manuscript editing.

Sultan: Manuscript editing.

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Correspondence to Abdul H. Sultan.

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Roper, J.C., Thakar, R. & Sultan, A.H. Under-classified obstetric anal sphincter injuries. Int Urogynecol J 33, 1473–1479 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-021-05051-y

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