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Korakoid- und Akromionfrakturen

Operationsindikation und Operationstechnik

Coracoid process and acromion fractures

Indication for surgery and surgical technique

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Arthroskopie Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Frakturen des Korakoids und des Akromions sind selten. Verbesserte diagnostische und therapeutische Möglichkeiten haben zu einer Weiterentwicklung der Versorgung dieser Frakturen geführt.

Material und Methoden

Aktuelle Therapieempfehlungen werden dargelegt. Es erfolgt eine Auswertung der aktuellen nationalen und internationalen Literatur.

Ergebnisse

Korakoidfrakturen proximal der korakoklavikulären Bänder und Korakoidfrakturen mit Begleitverletzung weiterer Anteile des „superior shoulder suspensory complex“ (SSSC) werden in der Regel operativ behandelt. Undislozierte, isolierte und insbesondere distale Korakoidfrakturen sind eine Domäne der konservativen Therapie. Bei den Akromionfrakturen muss zwischen zwei Entitäten unterschieden werden: Während die einfache Akromionfraktur meist traumatischer Genese ist, handelt es sich bei der Fraktur bei inverser Prothese um eine Art Ermüdungsbruch durch erhöhte Stresskonzentration am Akromion. Weit ventral gelegenen Avulsionen und undislozierte Ermüdungsfrakturen des Akromions werden meist konservativ behandelt. Insbesondere bei relevanter Einengung des Subakromialraums sowie bei funktioneller Insuffizienz der Deltamuskulatur kommen operative Verfahren zur Anwendung. Die operative Therapie der Korakoidfrakturen erfolgt meist mittels direkter Schraubenosteosynthese, insbesondere bei Beteiligung des Glenoids zunehmend als arthroskopisch gestütztes Verfahren. Die operative Therapie von Akromionfrakturen umfasst je nach Art und Lokalisation der Fraktur Schrauben‑, Zuggurtungs- und Plattenosteosynthesen.

Diskussion

Bei der Therapie der Akromion- und Korakoidfrakturen spielen die Integrität des SSSC sowie die funktionelle Kompromittierung der individuellen Schulter eine entscheidende Rolle. Die zunehmende Anwendung arthroskopisch assistierter Verfahren erweitert die operativen Möglichkeiten.

Abstract

Background

Fractures of the coracoid process and the acromion are rare injuries. Development of better diagnostic and therapeutic tools have helped to improve the treatment of coracoid and acromion fractures.

Material and methods

Current treatment guidelines for coracoid and acromion fractures are presented. Analysis and interpretation of the current national and international literature were carried out.

Results

Coracoid process fractures proximal to the coracoclavicular ligament insertion and coracoid fractures with concomitant lesions of further components of the superior shoulder suspensory complex (SSSC) are usually treated operatively. Non-displaced, isolated and especially distal coracoid fractures can successfully be treated non-operatively. With regard to acromion fractures two different fracture types must be distinguished: simple acromion fractures often caused by direct trauma and acromion fractures after reverse shoulder arthroplasty as a form of fatigue fracture due to increased strain forces acting on the acromion. Faranteriorly located avulsions and non-displaced fatigue fractures of the acromion can mostly be treated conservatively. In cases of severe constriction of the subacromial space and in cases of functional insufficiency of the deltoid muscle, surgical fracture fixation is the treatment of choice. Direct screw fixation is the standard of care for surgical treatment of coracoid fractures. In the case of fractures with involvement of the glenoid, arthroscopically assisted procedures are being used increasingly more. The surgical treatment of acromion fractures includes screw fixation, tension band wiring and plate fixation depending on the type and location of the fracture.

Discussion

The integrity of the SSSC and the functional impairment of the individual shoulder play an important role in the treatment of acromion and coracoid fractures. The progressive use of arthroscopically assisted procedures increases the surgical possibilities.

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Correspondence to J. C. Katthagen.

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J. C. Katthagen, M.J. Raschke und B. Schliemann geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Katthagen, J.C., Raschke, M.J. & Schliemann, B. Korakoid- und Akromionfrakturen. Arthroskopie 31, 21–31 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00142-017-0171-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00142-017-0171-9

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