Abstract
Starting with salicylaldehyde, compounds (I) [1-(2-hydroxybenzyl)piperidinium chloride] and (II) [4-carbamoyl-1-(2-hydroxybenzyl)piperidinium chloride] were prepared via multi step synthesis. The synthesized compounds were evaluated in vivo for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-pyretic activities. Both compounds showed significant pharmacological profile when compared with reference standard, aspirin. In an attempt to understand the ligand–protein interaction in terms of the binding affinity, the synthetic molecule II was subjected to docking analysis using AutoDock which showed better binding modes with the active sites of COX’s enzymes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akao T, Yoshino T, Kobashi K, Hattori H (2002) Evaluation of salicin as an antipyretic prodrug that does not cause gastric injury. Planta Med 68:714–718
Al-Ghamdi M (2001) The anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity of Nigella sativa. J Ethnopharmacol 76:45–48
Al-Harbi, Quereshi S, Ahmed M, Raza M, Miana G, Shah A (1994) Studies on the antiinflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic activities of santonin. Jpn J Pharmacol 64:135–139
Brochet D, Micό JA, Martin P, Simon P (1986) Antinociceptive activity of beta-adrenoceptor agonists in the hot plate test in mice. Psychopharmacology 88:527–528
Charles O, Tony E (1956) The American drug index. J. B Lippincott Co, Philadelphia
Gray A, Spencer P, Sewell R (1998) The involvement of the opioidergic system in the antinociceptive mechanism of action of antidepressant compounds. Br J Pharmacol 124:669–674
Gray A, Nevinson M, Sewell R (1999) The involvement of opioidergic and noradrenergic mechanisms in nefopam antinociception. Eur J Pharmacol 365:149–157
Grillet N, Pattyn A, Contet C (2005) Generation and characterization of Rgs4 mutant mice. Mol Cell Biol 25:4221–4228
Harischfelder A, Wynne H (1920) Saligenin as a local anesthetic for the female urethra. JAMA 75:1770
Harischfelder A, Lundholm A, Norrgard H (1920) The local anaesthetic actions of saligenin and other phenyl carbinols. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 15:227–261
Jones R, Rubin G, Berenbaum F, Scheiman J (2008) Gastrointestinal and cardiovascular risks of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Am J Med 121:464–474
Joseph B, Danuta M, Arthi K, Virginia L, David L, David E (1999) Thieno[3,2-b]- and thieno[2,3-b]pyrrole bioisosteric analogues of the hallucinogen and serotonin agonist N,N-dimethyltryptamine. J Med Chem 42:1106–1111
Machagan T (1876) The treatment of acute rheumatism by salicin. Lancet 1:342–343
Mayer D, Mao J, Price D (1995) The development of morphine tolerance and dependence is associated with translocation of protein kinase C. Pain 61:365–374
Pérez G, Duque O, Raiford D, García R, Ris R (1996) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of hospitalization for acute renal failure. Arch Intern Med 156:2433
Procopiou P, Barrett V, Ford A, Looker B, Lunniss G, Needham D, Smith C, Somers G (2011a) The discovery of long-acting saligenin β2 adrenergic receptor agonists incorporating hydantoin or uracil rings. Bioorg Med Chem 19:4192–4201
Procopiou P, Barrett V, Ford A, Looker B, Lunniss G, Needham D, Smith C, Somers G (2011b) The discovery of long acting β adrenergic receptor agonists incorporating a urea group. Bioorg Med Chem 19:6026–6032
Saeed M, Saify Z, Zafar I, Islam Nazar-ul (1997) Synthesis of 4-hydroxypiperidine derivatives and their screening for analgesic activity. Arch Pharm Res 20:338–341
Trott O, Olson A (2010) AutoDock Vina: improving the speed and accuracy of docking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization, and multithreading. J Comput Chem 31:455–461
Winter C, Risley E, Nuss G (1962) Carrageenan induced edema in hind paw of the rat as an assay for antiinflammatory drugs. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 111:544–547
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan for financial support for research. The authors sincerely thank and acknowledge PCSIR laboratories, Peshawar, Pakistan and Punjab Drug House (PDH), Lahore for providing some reagents.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ullah, N., Ul Islam, N., Ali, G. et al. Bioisosteric synthesis of nitrogen containing derivatives of salicyl alcohol, their in vivo pharmacological studies with molecular modeling. Med Chem Res 22, 4677–4684 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-013-0473-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-013-0473-z