Abstract
Polyhedral Omega is a new algorithm for solving linear Diophantine systems (LDS), i.e., for computing a multivariate rational function representation of the set of all non-negative integer solutions to a system of linear equations and inequalities. Polyhedral Omegacombines methods from partition analysis with methods from polyhedral geometry. In particular, we combine MacMahon’s iterative approach based on the Omega operator and explicit formulas for its evaluation with geometric tools such as Brion decompositions and Barvinok’s short rational function representations. In this way, we connect two recent branches of research that have so far remained separate, unified by the concept of symbolic cones which we introduce. The resulting LDS solver Polyhedral Omegais significantly faster than previous solvers based on partition analysis and it is competitive with state-of-the-art LDS solvers based on geometric methods. Most importantly, this synthesis of ideas makes Polyhedral Omegathe simplest algorithm for solving linear Diophantine systems available to date. Moreover, we provide an illustrated geometric interpretation of partition analysis, with the aim of making ideas from both areas accessible to readers from a wide range of backgrounds.
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Acknowledgments
Open access funding provided by Austrian Science Fund (FWF). The authors are grateful to Matthias Beck and Peter Paule for bringing them together in this research project, as well as for their assistance. Moreover, the authorswould like to thank Matthias Köppe and Fu Liu for helpful discussions.
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Felix Breuer was partially supported by German Research Foundation (DFG) grant BR 4251/1-1 and by Austrian Science Fund (FWF) special research group Algorithmic and Enumerative Combinatorics SFB F50-06.
Zafeirakis Zafeirakopoulos was partially supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) special research group Algorithmic and Enumerative Combinatorics SFB F50-06 and W1214-N15 project DK06, the Austrian Marshall Plan Foundation, by the European Union (European Social Fund - ESF) and Greek national funds through the Operational Program "Education and Lifelong Learning" of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) - Research Funding Program: THALIS - UOA (MIS 375891) and by the project 113F293 under the program 1001 of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey.
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Breuer, F., Zafeirakopoulos, Z. Polyhedral Omega: a New Algorithm for Solving Linear Diophantine Systems. Ann. Comb. 21, 211–280 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00026-017-0349-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00026-017-0349-x
Keywords
- linear Diophantine system
- linear inequality system
- integer solutions
- partition analysis
- partition theory
- polyhedral geometry
- rational function
- symbolic cone
- generating function
- implementation
- Omega operator