Abstract
The microtubule-perturbing drugs colchicine and taxol have been found to induce apoptosis in a CNS neuronal cell line. Apoptosis in drug-treated rat B103 neuroblastoma cells was evident in characteristic morphological changes, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, and loss of nuclear content. Since colchicine and taxol have opposite actions on microtubule integrity, disruption of the active turnover of the microtubule network appears to be a crucial step for apoptosis to occur. It has been suggested that the basis for apoptosis by these drugs derives from their known block of the cell cycle at G2/M, but this does not appear the sole reason as both colchicine and taxol were able to evoke high levels of apoptosis in cells differentiated by Bt2cAMP or serum withdrawal. Further tests of cellular consequences of microtubule perturbation revealed a specific impact on signal transduction involving protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Immunoprecipitation with antibodies against tyrosine phosphorylated proteins showed a striking increase in the phosphorylation of a Triton-insoluble ~90 kDa protein, roughly concurrent with the onset of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Cycloheximide and genistein significantly reduced cell death and blocked appearance of the ~90 kDa tyrosine phosphorylated protein. Data suggest the hypothesis that signal transduction leading to apoptosis can be triggered by anomalous microtubule turnover and that the mechanism involves tyrosine phosphorylation of a ~90 kDa Triton-resistant protein.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- MTs:
-
microtubules
- Bt2cAMP:
-
dibutyrl cyclic AMP
- VEC-DIC:
-
Video-enhanced-contrast-differential-interference-contrast
- DMEM:
-
Dulbecco’s modified Eagle media
- DMSO:
-
dimethylsulfoxide
- D-PBS:
-
Dulbecco’s Phosphate buffered saline
- HRP:
-
horse radish peroxidase
- PMSF:
-
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
- PI:
-
propidium iodide
- NFT:
-
neurofibrillary tangles
- ADDLs:
-
Amyloid-peta derived diffusible ligands
- AD:
-
Alzheimer’s disease
References
Berg, M.M., Krafft, G.A. and Klein, W.L. (1997) Rapid impact of beta-amyloid on paxillin in a neural cell line.J. Neurosci. Res. 50, 979–989.
Bershadsky, A., Chausovsky, A., Becker, E., Lyubimova, A. and Geiger, B. (1996) Involvement of microtubules in the control of adhesion-dependent signal transduction.Curt. Biol. 6, 1279–1289.
Bonfoco, E., Ceccatelli, S., Manzo, L. and Nicotera, P. (1995) Colchicine induces apoptosis in cerebellar granule cells.Exp. Cell Res. 218, 189–200.
Busciglio, J., Lorenzo, A., Yeh, J. and Yankner, B.A. (1995) Beta-amyloid fibrils induce tau phosphorylation and loss of microtubule binding.Neuron 14, 879–888.
Ceccatelli, S., Ahlbom, E., Diana, A. and Zhivotovsky, B. (1997) Apoptosis in rat hippocampal dentate gyrus after intraventricular colchicine.Neuroreport. 8, 3779–3783.
Ding, A., Sanchez, E. and Nathan, C.F. (1993) Taxol shares the ability of bacterial lipopolysaccharide to induce tyrosine phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein kinase.J. Immunol. 151, 5596–5602.
Ding, A., Chen, B., Fuortes, M. and Blum, E. (1996) Association of mitogen-activated protein kinases with microtubules in mouse macrophages.J. Exp. Med. 183, 1899–1904.
Donaldson, K.L., Goolsby, G.L., Kiener, P.A. and Wahl, A.F. (1994) Activation of p34cdc2 coincident with taxol-induced apoptosis.Cell Growth Differ. 5, 1041–1050.
Gangemi, R.M., Tiso, M., Marchetti, C, Severi, A.B. and Fabbi, M. (1995) Taxol cytotoxicity on human leukemia cell lines is a function of their susceptibility to programmed cell death.Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 36, 385–392.
Gibson, S., Widmann, C. and Johnson, G.L. (1999) Differential involvement of MEK kinase 1 (MEKK1) in the induction of apoptosis in response to microtubule-targeted drugs versus DNA damaging agents.J. Biol. Chem. 274, 10916–10922.
Goedert, M. (1998) Neurofibrillary pathology of Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies.Prog. Brain Res. 117: 287–306, 287-306.
Guise S., Braguer, D., Remacle-Bonnet, M., Pommier, G. and Briand, C. (1999) Tau protein is involved in the apoptotic process induced by anti-microtubule agents on neuroblastoma cells.Apoptosis 4, 47–58.
Helson, L., Helson, C., Malik, S., Ainsworth, S. and Mangiardi, J. (1993) A saturation threshold for taxol cytotoxicity in human glial and neuroblastoma cells.Anticancer Drugs 4, 487–490.
Huschtscha, L.I., Jeitner, T.M., Andersson, C.E., Bartier, W.A. and Tattersall, M.H. (1994) Identification of apoptotic and necrotic human leukemic cells by flow cytometry.Exp. Cell Res. 212, 161–165.
Jordan, M.A., Thrower, D. and Wilson, L. (1992) Effects of vinblastine, podophyllotoxin and nocodazole on mitotic spindles.Implications for the role of microtubule dynamics in mitosis. J. Cell Sci. 102, 401–416.
Jordan, M.A., Wendell, K., Gardiner, S., Derry, W.B., Copp, H. and Wilson, L. (1996) Mitotic block induced in HeLa cells by low concentrations of paclitaxel (Taxol) results in abnormal mitotic exit and apoptotic cell death.Cancer Res. 56, 816–825.
Lambert, M.P., Stevens, G., Sabo, S., Barber, K., Wang, G., Wade, W., Krafft, G., Snyder, S., Holzman, T.F. and Klein, W.L. (1994) Beta / A4-evoked degeneration of differentiated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells.J. Neurosci. Res. 39, 377–385.
Lambert, M.P., Barlow, A.K., Chromy, B.A., Edwards, C, Freed, R., Liosatos, M., Morgan, T.E., Rozovsky, I., Trommer, B., Viola, K.L., Wals, P., Zhang, C., Finch, C.E., Krafft, G.A. and Klein, W.L. (1998) Diffusible, nonfibrillar ligands derived from Abetal-42 are potent central nervous system neurotoxins.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 6448–6453.
Lavin, M.F., Watters, D. and Song, Q. (1996) Role of protein kinase activity in apoptosis.Experientia 52, 979–994.
Lee, G., Newman, S.T., Gard, D.L., Band, H. and Panchamoorthy, G. (1998) Tau interacts with src-family non-receptor tyrosine kinases.J. Cell Sci. 111, 3167–3177.
Lesort M., Jope R.S. and Johnson G.V. (1999) Insulin transiently increases tau phosphorylation: involvement of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and Fyn tyrosine kinase.J Neurochem 72, 576–584.
Liebmann, J., Cook, J.A., Teague, D., Fisher, J. and Mitchell, J.B. (1994) Cycloheximide inhibits the cytotoxicity of paclitaxel (Taxol).Anticancer Drugs 5, 287–292.
Lindenboim, L., Haviv, R. and Stein, R. (1995) Inhibition of drug-induced apoptosis by survival factors in PC12 cells.J. Neurochem. 64, 1054–1063.
Liu, Y., Bhalla, K., Hill, C. and Priest, D.G. (1994) Evidence for involvement of tyrosine phosphorylation in taxol-induced apoptosis in a human ovarian tumor cell line.Biochem. Pharmacol. 48, 1265–1272.
Manthey, C.L., Brandes, M.E., Perera, P.Y. and Vogel, S.N. (1992) Taxol increases steady-state levels of lipopolysaccharide-inducible genes and protein-tyrosine phosphorylation in murine macrophages.J. Immunol. 149, 2459–2465.
Mattson, M.P. (1992) Effects of microtubule stabilization and destabilization on tau immunoreactivity in cultured hippocampal neurons.Brain Res. 582, 107–118.
Muragaki, Y., Chou, T.T., Kaplan, D.R., Trojanowski, J.Q. and Lee, V.M. (1997) Nerve growth factor induces apoptosis in human medulloblastoma cell lines that express TrkA receptors.J. Neurosci. 17, 530–542.
Nakagawa-Yagi, Y. (1994) Induction of apoptotic cell death in differentiating neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by colchicine.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 199, 807–817.
Nicoletti, I., Migliorati, G., Pagliacci, M.C., Grignani, F. and Riccardi, C. (1991) A rapid and simple method for measuring thymocyte apoptosis by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry.J. Immunol. Methods 139, 271–279.
Panda D., Goode, B.L., Feinstein, S.C. and Wilson, L. (1995) Kinetic stabilization of microtubule dynamics at steady state by tau and microtubule-binding domains of tau.Biochemistry 34, 11117–11127.
Panda, D., Miller, H.P. and Wilson, L. (1999) Rapid treadmilling of brain microtubules free of microtubule-associated proteins in vitro and its suppression by tau.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96, 12459–12464.
Pope, W.B., Lambert, M.P., Leypold, B., Seupaul, R., Sletten, L., Krafft, G. and Klein, W.L. (1994) Microtubule-associated protein tau is hyperphosphorylated during mitosis in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y.Exp. Neurol. 126, 185–194.
Renauld, J.C., Vink, A., Louahed, J. and Van, S.J. (1995) Interleukin-9 is a major anti-apoptotic factor for thymic lymphomas.Blood 85, 1300–1305.
Roberge, C.J., Gaudry, M., de, M.R., Lussier, A., Poubelle, P.E. and Naccache, P.H. (1993) Crystal-induced neutrophil activation.IV. Specific inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation by colchicine [see comments]. J. Clin. Invest. 92, 1722–1729.
Schubert, D. (1974) Induced differentiation of clonal rat nerve and glial cells.Neurobiology. 4, 376–387.
Schubert, D., Heinemann, S., Carlisle, W., Tarikas, H., Kimes, B., Patrick, J., Steinbach, J.H., Gulp, W. and Brandt, B.L. (1974) Clonal cell lines from the rat central nervous system.Nature 249, 224–227.
Shapiro, I.P., Masliah, E. and Saitoh, T. (1991) Altered protein tyrosine phosphorylation in Alzheimer’s disease.J. Neurochem. 56, 1154–1162.
Shirazi, S.K. and Wood, J.G. (1993) The protein tyrosine kinase, fyn, in Alzheimer’s disease pathology.Neuroreport. 4, 435–437.
Sorger, P.K., Dobles, M., Tournebize, R. and Hyman, A.A. (1997) Coupling cell division and cell death to microtubule dynamics.Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 9, 807–814.
Stewart, B.W. (1994) Mechanisms of apoptosis: integration of genetic, biochemical and cellular indicators.J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 86, 1286–1296.
Stewart Z.A., Mays D., Pietenpol J.A. (1999) Defective Gl-S cell cycle checkpoint function sensitizes cells to microtubule inhibitor-induced apoptosis.Defective Gl-S cell cycle checkpoint function sensitizes cells to microtubule inhibitor-induced apoptosis 59, 3831–3837.
Takano, Y., Okudaira, M. and Harmon, B.V. (1993) Apoptosis induced by microtubule disrupting drugs in cultured human lymphoma cells.Inhibitory effects of phorbol ester and zinc sulphate. Pathol. Res. Pract. 189, 197–203.
Trojanowski, J.Q. and Lee, V.M. (1994) Paired helical filament tau in Alzheimer’s disease.The kinase connection. Am. J. Pathol. 144, 449–453.
Vaux, D.L. (1993) Toward an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of physiological cell death.Proc.Nati.Acad.Sci.U.S.A. 90, 786–789.
Vogel, G. (1998) Tau protein mutations confirmed as neuron killers [news].Science 280, 1524–1525.
Wang, L.G., Liu, X.M., Kreis, W. and Budman, D.R. (1999) The effect of antimicrotubule agents on signal transduction pathways of apoptosis: a review.Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 44, 355–361.
Wolfson, M., Yang, C.P. and Horwitz, S.B. (1997) Taxol induces tyrosine phosphorylation of She and its association with Grb2 in murine RAW 264.7 cells.Int. J. Cancer 70, 248–252.
Wood, J.G. and Zinsmeister, P. (1991) Tyrosine phosphorylation systems in Alzheimer’s disease pathology.Neurosci. Lett. 121, 12–16.
Yousefi, S., Green, D.R., Blaser, K. and Simon, H.U. (1994) Protein-tyrosine phosphorylation regulates apoptosis in human eosinophils and neutrophils.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 10868–10872.
Yvon, A.-M.C, Wadsworth, P. and Jordan, M.J. (1999) Taxol suppresses dynamics of individual microtubules in living human tumor cells.Mot. Biol. Cell 10, 947–959.
Yujiri, T., Fanger, G.R., Garrington, T.P., Schlesinger, T.K., Gibson, S. and Johnson, G.L. (1999) MEK kinase 1 (MEKK1) transduces c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation in response to changes in the microtubule cytoskeleton.J. Biol. Chem. 274, 12605–12610.
Zhang, C, Qiu, H.E., Krafft, G.A. and Klein, W.L. (1996) A beta peptide enhances focal adhesion kinase/Fyn association in a rat CNS nerve cell line.Neurosci. Lett. 211, 187–190.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chromy, B.A., Lambert, M.P. & Klein, W.L. Increased protein tyrosine phosphorylation in apoptotic neural cell death due to microtubule perturbations. neurotox res 2, 357–372 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03033343
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03033343