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Platform environments, microfacies and systems tracts of the upper Cenomanian-lower Santonian of Sinai, Egypt

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Summary

Factors controlling grain composition and depositional environments of upper Cenomanian—Santonian limestones of Sinai are discussed. The mainly shallow-water, inner-platform setting investigated is subdivided into five major facies belts, each represented by several microfacies types (MFTs). Their lateral distribution patterns and their composition underline aclear relation between depositional environment and platform position. The facies belts include sandstones and quartzose packstones of siliciclastic shorefaces, mudstones and bioclastic wackestones of restricted lagoons, shallow-subtidal packstones with diverse benthic foraminifera and calcareous algae, bioclastic and/or oolitic grainstones of inner-platform shoals, and wackestones of deep open-marine environments.

The microfacies distribution patterns of the Cenomanian-Santonian strata are evaluated with respect to local and regional large-scale environmental changes. While protected shallow-subtidal environments with only subordinate ooids and oncoids prevail during the late Cenomanian, high-energy oolithic shoals and carbonate sands occur locally during the middle and late Turonian. They were probably related to a change of the platform morphology and a reorganisation of the platform after a late Cenomanian drowning. In the Coniacian-Santonian, the lack of ooids, oncoids, and the decrease of calcareous algae versus an increase in siliciclastics indicate a shift to lower water temperature and to a more humid climate. Especially in the Turonian, the interplay between sea-level changes, accommodation, hydrodynamics, and siliciclastic input is reflected by lithofacies and biofacies interrelation-ships that are elaborated within individual systems tracts. In particular, increasing accommodation intensified circulation and wave-agitation and controlled the distribution of high-energy environments of the middle and upper Turonian trans-gressive systems tracts. During highstands protected innerplatform environments prevailed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Universität Bremen, Postfach 330440, D-28334, Bremen

    Jan Bauer & Jochen Kuss

  2. Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Geophysik, Ruhr-Universität, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44801, Bochum

    Thomas Steuber

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Bauer, J., Kuss, J. & Steuber, T. Platform environments, microfacies and systems tracts of the upper Cenomanian-lower Santonian of Sinai, Egypt. Facies 47, 1–25 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02667703

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02667703

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