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Spatial and temporal facies evolution of a Lower Jurassic carbonate platform, NW Tethyan margin (Mallorca, Spain)

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Abstract

The variety of depositional facies of a Lower Jurassic carbonate platform has been investigated on the island of Mallorca along a transect comprising six stratigraphic profiles. Twenty-nine facies and sub-facies have been recognized, grouped into seven facies associations, ranging in depositional environment from supratidal/terrestrial and peritidal to outer platform. Spatial and temporal (2D) facies distribution along the transect reflects the evolution of the carbonate platform with time showing different facies associations, from a broad peritidal platform (stage 1) to a muddy open platform (stage 2), and finally to a peritidal to outer carbonate platform (stage 3). Stage 1 (early Sinemurian to earliest late Sinemurian) corresponds to a nearly-flat peritidal-shallow subtidal epicontinental platform with facies belts that shifted far and fast over the whole study area. The evolution from stage 1 to stage 2 (late Sinemurian) represents a rapid flooding of the epicontinental shallow platform, with more open-marine conditions, and the onset of differential subsidence. During stage 3 (latest Sinemurian), peritidal and shallow-platform environments preferentially developed to the northeast (Llevant Mountains domain) with a rapid transition to middle-outer platform environments toward the northwest (Tramuntana Range domain). Stages 1 and 3 present facies associations typical of Bahamian-type carbonates, whereas stage 2 represents the demise of the Bahamian-type carbonate factory and proliferation of muddy substrates with suspension-feeders. The described platform evolution responded to the interplay between the initial extensional tectonic phases related to Early Jurassic Tethyan rifting, contemporaneous environmental perturbations, and progressive platform flooding related to the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic worldwide marine transgression and associated accommodation changes.

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Modified from Álvaro et al. (1989)

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to F. Schlagintweit and M. Septfontaine for helping and review of the benthic foraminifera and algae determinations. BB thanks the research project CGL2017-85038-P subsidized by Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad of the Spanish Government, and the project E18 (Aragosaurus: Recursos Geológicos y Paleoambientes) of the Government of Aragón. We also thank the reviewers Toni Simó and Mohamed Soussi, and Associated Editor Maurice Tucker, for fruitful reviews and comments that helped to improve the original manuscript.

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  1. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), 07006, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

    Ana Sevillano & José María López-García

  2. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), Ríos Rosas 23, 28003, Madrid, Spain

    Idoia Rosales & Antonio Barnolas

  3. Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain

    Beatriz Bádenas

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Sevillano, A., Rosales, I., Bádenas, B. et al. Spatial and temporal facies evolution of a Lower Jurassic carbonate platform, NW Tethyan margin (Mallorca, Spain). Facies 65, 3 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-018-0545-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-018-0545-0

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