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Relations between nests ofmessor wasmanni in Greece

Relations entre des nids deMessor wasmanni en Grèce

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Summary

Foraging behaviour ofMessor wasmanni, a seed collecting ant, foraging along trails up to 15m long in open flat ground in Greece, is described. These ants foraged in daytime on about one day in three, the nest entrance being otherwise closed with discarded remains of the plant material. They started approximately at dawn and material. They started approximately at dawn and continued until the ground surface temperature reached 40–43°C. Of the order of 20–30,000 individual foraging expeditions were made from the nest per day involving about 5,000 individual ants. They dispersed from the end of the trail and searched individually in limited areas of a few square feet (say half m2). Nests at a density of about 70 to the hectare were spaced in a pattern which was not random. Trails go out radially from each nest, usually a single trail in any day. Foraging areas for different nests overlapped but the chance of trails intersecting was low. An intersection was seen only once in approximately 500 trails from about a dozen nests examined in detail. The two trails met at right angles and the shorter one broke up at the junction, the ants from it going on across the other trail in the same general direction but more dispersed than before. All nests tended to forage after rain but the net synchronizing effect of this tendency was small, the nests in general foraging independently of one another in time. Calculation of the probability of trail intersection, allowing for the chance of adjacent nests having trails on the same day, and assuming a random trail direction together with the observed distribution of trail length gave a low value (7) for the expected number of intersections. No evidence of aggressive behaviour between different nests was found. Individuals, marked with paint and transferred artificially to a new nest, survived and foraged among those of their new nest. On three ocasions small subsidiary nests were found from which ants went to and fro along a trail to the main nest and on one occasion eggs and larval stages were transferred. On many occasions groups of ants dug small holes in the ground adjacent to a trail, which are most easily explained as incipient subsidiary nests.

Resume

On décrit ici la recherche de nourriture chez la fourmi moissonneuseMessor wasmanni sur des pistes de 2 à 15 m. de long, en terrain plat et découvert, en Grèce.

Ces fourmis recherchent leur nourriture pendant la journée, environ tous les trois jours; lorsqu'elles sont inactives, l'entrée du nid est bouchée avec des débris de matière végétale. Elles commencent leur activité vers l'aube, et travaillent jusqu'à ce que la température à la surface du sol atteigne un peu plus de 40°C. Environ 5000 fourmis d'un nid participent à ces expéditions, dont le nombre par nid est de l'ordre de 20 à 30000 par jour. Les fourmis se dispersent là où la piste se termine, chacune fourrageant sur quelques pieds carrés seulement (10 pieds carrés=environ 1 m2). Les nids, d'une densité d'environ 70 par hectare, ne sont pas répartis aléatoirement. Si le terrain sur lequel les fourmis d'un nid fourragent empiète sur celui d'un autre, il est rare que les pistes s'entrecroisent. Celles-ci rayonnent à partir de chaque nid, une seule piste par jour étant ordinairement utilisée. Sur environ 500, partant d'une douzaine de nids examinés, on n'a vu qu'un seul croisement: les deux pistes se rencontraient à angle droit, la plus courte s'arrêtant à la jonction. Les fourmis qui l'utilisaient poursuivaient leur chemin après la jonction, dans la même direction, mais en se dispersant. Toutes les colonies tendaient à fourrager après la pluie, mais le résultat de cet effet synchronisateur était minime, les expéditions de différents nids ayant lieu à des moments différents. Etant donné la possibilité que des expéditions de nids voisins aient lieu le même jour, et en supposant l'orientation des pistes choisie au hasard-leur longueur étant déduite par observation-la probabilité de l'intersection de deux pistes était faible (7). On n'a pas trouvé d'interactions agressives entre fourmilières, et des individus marqués et transférés près d'un nouveau nid ont survécu et ont participé au fourragement aux côtés des fourmis de ce nid. A trois reprises on a trouvé de petits nids secondaires dont les fourmis circulaient sur une piste menant à la fourmilière principale (des fourmis ont été vues transférant des œufs et des larves). Il était fréquent que des fourmis creusent de petits trous à côté d'une piste-trous qu'on peut interpréter comme des débuts de nids secondaires.

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Harkness, R.D., Isham, V. Relations between nests ofmessor wasmanni in Greece. Ins. Soc 35, 1–18 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02224134

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