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Phase Distributions of Hydrophobic Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment

Existing Partitioning Models are Unable to Predict the Dissolved Component in Several Common Situations

  • Chapter
Bioavailability of Organic Xenobiotics in the Environment

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASEN2,volume 64))

Abstract

At present, most predictors of the truly dissolved - directly bioavailable - aqueous fraction of xenobiotic chemicals are based on predicting the attenuation from total to dissolved concentrations using models of equilibrium partitioning with bulk organic matter. While certainly a wonderfully practical and, at least in laboratory systems, often successful approach. such organic-carbon normalizing partitioning models (e.g., ref. 1, 2) are frequently not able to explain field-observed in situ phase-distributions. In this overview, we will discuss situations where the bioavailable aqueous fractions may deviate from predictions of existing speciation models: (a) strong interactions with soot result in lower dissolved exposure, (b) poor interactions with bulk organic colloids result in higher dissolved exposure, and (c) nonequilibrium interactions in systems where the solid phases are dominated by living cells may result in either lower or higher dissolved fractions. Another apparently aberrant partitioning case to be discussed is the elevated fog-drop associations of hydrophobic chemicals, in excess of their Henry’s Law expectations, which may be explained by partitioning to the interface between air and water.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Isotope Geology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 10405, Stockholm, Sweden

    Örjan Gustafsson

  2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, R. M. Parsons Laboratory, 48-415, MIT, USA

    Philip M. Gschwend

  3. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA

    Philip M. Gschwend

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  1. Örjan Gustafsson
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Correspondence to Örjan Gustafsson .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Environmental Geophysics, Cornell University, Bradfield Hall, 14853-1901, Ithaca, NY, USA

    Philippe Baveye

  2. Laboratoire Santé Environnement — LCPE, UMR Université-CNRS 7564, Faculté de Pharmacie — Pôle de l’Eau, 15, avenue du Charmois, F-54500, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France

    Jean-Claude Block

  3. Dumansky Institute of Water and Colloïdal Chemistry, Science Academyc of Ukraine, 42 Vernadsky Avenue, 252680, Kiev, Ukraine

    Vladislav V. Goncharuk

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Gustafsson, Ö., Gschwend, P.M. (1999). Phase Distributions of Hydrophobic Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment. In: Baveye, P., Block, JC., Goncharuk, V.V. (eds) Bioavailability of Organic Xenobiotics in the Environment. NATO ASI Series, vol 64. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9235-2_17

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