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Gas chromatography

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Chromatographic Methods

Abstract

It was nearly 50 years from Mikhail Tswett’s description of chromatographic separations (1906) to the development of gas-liquid chromatography by Martin and James (1952). Since that time gas chromatography (GC) has developed rapidly, particularly during the 1960s, producing sweeping changes in analytical chemistry and in many areas of research and development. Subsequently, capillary or open tubular columns were produced which increased considerably the separating capabilities of GC so that complex samples such as flavours and perfumes and environmental residues could be successfully resolved into in some cases over a hundred components. Hybrid techniques, particularly using a mass spectrometer as a detector, GC—MS, have added a further dimension to GC analyses enabling separated compounds to be readily identified. It is now possible to separate, quantify, and subsequently characterise, components in a mixture, from permanent gases, and hydrogen isotopes to essential oils in perfumes, fatty acids in vegetable oils and waxes and pollutants in water and soils. Although direct analysis is limited to compounds with a molecular weight up to 400–500, derivatives of non-volatile materials and metal complexes can readily be made which have some measure of volatility without thermal degradation. Preparative-scale gas chromatography offers a method of obtaining very pure compounds in sufficient quantity for further analytical and preparative work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, UK

    A. Braithwaite

  2. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Paisley, UK

    F. J. Smith

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  1. A. Braithwaite
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Braithwaite, A., Smith, F.J. (1999). Gas chromatography. In: Chromatographic Methods. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0599-6_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0599-6_5

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